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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>ffmprovisr</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat|Merriweather" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/css.css">
<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/js.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="text-center">
<h1>➺ ffmprovisr ❥</h1>
</div>
<!-- BUTTONS! -->
<div class="row">
<div class="well col-md-3 col-md-offset-0">
<h5>Making FFmpeg Easier</h5>
<p>FFmpeg is a powerful tool for manipulating audiovisual files. Unfortunately, it also has a steep learning curve, especially for users unfamiliar with a command line interface. This app helps users through the command generation process so that more people can reap the benefits of FFmpeg.</p>
<p>Each button displays helpful information about how to perform a wide variety of tasks using FFmpeg. To use this site, click on the task you would like to perform. A new window will open up with a sample command and a description of how that command works. You can copy this command and understand how the command works with a breakdown of each of the flags.</p>
<h5>Tutorials</h5>
<p>For FFmpeg basics, check out the program’s <a href="https://www.ffmpeg.org/" target="_blank">official website</a>.</p>
<p>For instructions on how to install FFmpeg on Mac, Linux, and Windows, refer to Reto Kromer’s <a href="https://avpres.net/FFmpeg/#ch1" target="_blank">installation instructions</a>.</p>
<p>For Bash and command line basics, try the <a href="https://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/appendixa.html" target="_blank">Command Line Crash Course</a>. For a little more context presented in an ffmprovisr style, try <a href="http://explainshell.com/" target="_blank">explainshell.com</a>!</p>
<h5>License</h5>
<p><a target="_blank" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png"></a><br>
This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<h5>Sister projects</h5>
<p><a target="_blank" href="http://dd388.github.io/crals/">Script Ahoy</a>: Community Resource for Archivists and Librarians Scripting</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="https://datapraxis.github.io/sourcecaster/">The Sourcecaster</a>: an app that helps you use the command line to work through common challenges that come up when working with digital primary sources.</p>
<p><a target="_blank" href="https://amiaopensource.github.io/cable-bible/">Cable Bible</a>: A Guide to Cables and Connectors Used for Audiovisual Tech</p>
</div>
<div class="well col-md-8 col-md-offset-0">
<div class="well">
<h3>What do you want to do?</h3>
<h6>Select from the following.</h6>
</div>
<div class="well"><h4>Change formats</h4>
<!-- WAV to MP3 -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to MP3">WAV to MP3</button></span>
<div id="wav_to_mp3" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>WAV to MP3</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -write_id3v1 1 -id3v2_version 3 -dither_method modified_e_weighted -out_sample_rate 48k -qscale:a 1 <i>output_file</i>.mp3</code></p>
<p>This will convert your WAV files to MP3s.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
<dt>-write_id3v1 <i>1</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v1 tag. This will add metadata to the old MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
<dt>-id3v2_version <i>3</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v2 tag. This will add metadata to a newer MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
<dt>-dither_method <i>modified_e_weighted</i></dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
<dt>-out_sample_rate <i>48k</i></dt><dd>Sets the audio sampling frequency to 48 kHz. This can be omitted to use the same sampling frequency as the input.</dd>
<dt>-qscale:a <i>1</i></dt><dd>This sets the encoder to use a constant quality with a variable bitrate of between 190-250kbit/s. If you would prefer to use a constant bitrate, this could be replaced with <code>-b:a 320k</code> to set to the maximum bitrate allowed by the MP3 format. For more detailed discussion on variable vs constant bitrates see <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/MP3" target="_blank">here.</a></dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends WAV to MP3 -->
<!-- WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to AAC/MP4">WAV to AAC/MP4</button></span>
<div id="wav_to_mp4" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>WAV to AAC/MP4</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -c:a aac -b:a 128k -dither_method modified_e_weighted -ar 44100 <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
<p>This will convert your WAV file to AAC/MP4.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>sets the audio codec to AAC</dd>
<dt>-b:a 128k</dt><dd>sets the bitrate of the audio to 128k</dd>
<dt>-dither_method modified_e_weighted</dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
<dt>-ar 44100</dt><dd>sets the audio sampling frequency to 44100 Hz, or 44.1 kHz, or “CD quality”</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
<!-- Transcode to ProRes -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#to_prores"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode to deinterlaced Apple ProRes LT">Transcode to ProRes</button></span>
<div id="to_prores" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Transcode into a deinterlaced Apple ProRes LT</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v prores -profile:v 1 -vf yadif -c:a pcm_s16le <i>output_file</i>.mov</code></p>
<p>This command transcodes an input file into a deinterlaced Apple ProRes 422 LT file with 16-bit linear PCM encoded audio. The file is deinterlaced using the yadif filter (Yet Another De-Interlacing Filter).</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:v prores</dt><dd>Tells ffmpeg to transcode the video stream into Apple ProRes 422</dd>
<dt>-profile:v <i>1</i></dt><dd>Declares profile of ProRes you want to use. The profiles are explained below:
<ul>
<li>0 = ProRes 422 (Proxy)</li>
<li>1 = ProRes 422 (LT)</li>
<li>2 = ProRes 422 (Standard)</li>
<li>3 = ProRes 422 (HQ)</li>
</ul></dd>
<dt>-vf yadif</dt><dd>Runs a deinterlacing video filter (yet another deinterlacing filter) on the new file</dd>
<dt>-c:a pcm_s16le</dt><dd>Tells ffmpeg to encode the audio stream in 16-bit linear PCM</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file<br>
The extension for the QuickTime container is <code>.mov</code>.</dd>
</dl>
<p>FFmpeg comes with more than one ProRes encoder:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>prores</code> is much faster, can be used for progressive video only, and seems to be better for video according to Rec. 601 (Recommendation ITU-R BT.601).</li>
<li><code>prores_ks</code> generates a better file, can also be used for interlaced video, allows also encoding of ProRes 4444 (<code>-c:v prores_ks -profile:v 4</code>), and seems to be better for video according to Rec. 709 (Recommendation ITU-R BT.709).</li>
</ul>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Transcode to ProRes -->
<!-- Transcode to H.264 -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#transcode_h264"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode to an H.264 access file">Transcode to H.264</button></span>
<div id="transcode_h264" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Transcode to H.264</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command takes an input file and transcodes it to H.264 with an .mp4 wrapper, keeping the audio the same codec as the original. The libx264 codec defaults to a “medium” preset for compression quality and a CRF of 23. CRF stands for constant rate factor and determines the quality and file size of the resulting H.264 video. A low CRF means high quality and large file size; a high CRF means the opposite.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to change the video codec of the file to H.264</dd>
<dt>-pix_fmt yuv420p</dt><dd> libx264 will use a chroma subsampling scheme that is the closest match to that of the input. This can result in Y′C<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub> 4:2:0, 4:2:2, or 4:4:4 chroma subsampling. QuickTime and most other non-FFmpeg based players can’t decode H.264 files that are not 4:2:0. In order to allow the video to play in all players, you can specify 4:2:0 chroma subsampling.</dd>
<dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg not to change the audio codec</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p>In order to use the same basic command to make a higher quality file, you can add some of these presets:</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -preset veryslow -crf 18 -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>-preset <i>veryslow</i></dt><dd>This option tells ffmpeg to use the slowest preset possible for the best compression quality.</dd>
<dt>-crf <i>18</i></dt><dd>Specifying a lower CRF will make a larger file with better visual quality. 18 is often considered a “visually lossless” compression.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Transcode to H.264 -->
<!-- H.264 from DCP -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#dcp_to_h264"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode from DCP to an H.264 access file">H.264 from DCP</button></span>
<div id="dcp_to_h264" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>H.264 from DCP</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_video_file</i>.mxf -i <i>input_audio_file</i>.mxf -c:v <i>libx264</i> -pix_fmt <i>yuv420p</i> -c:a <i>aac output_file.mp4</i></code></p>
<p>This will transcode mxf wrapped video and audio files to an H.264 encoded .mp4 file. Please note this only works for unencrypted, single reel DCPs.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_video_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the video input file. This extension must be .mxf</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_audio_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the audio input file. This extension must be .mxf</dd>
<dt>-c:v <i>libx264</i></dt><dd>transcodes video to H.264</dd>
<dt>-pix_fmt <i>yuv420p</i></dt><dd>sets pixel format to yuv420p for greater compatibility with media players</dd>
<dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>re-encodes using the AAC audio codec<br>
Note that sadly MP4 cannot contain sound encoded by a PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation) audio codec</dd>
<dt><i>output_file.mp4</i></dt><dd>path, name and <i>.mp4</i> extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p>Variation: Copy PCM audio streams by using Matroska instead of the MP4 container</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_video_file</i>.mxf -i <i>input_audio_file</i>.mxf -c:v <i>libx264</i> -pix_fmt <i>yuv420p</i> -c:a <i>copy output_file.mkv</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>-c:a <i>copy</i></dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec</dd>
<dt><i>output_file.mkv</i></dt><dd>path, name and <i>.mkv</i> extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends H.264 from DCP -->
<!-- NTSC to H.264 -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#ntsc_to_h264"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Upscaled, pillar-boxed HD H.264 access files from SD NTSC source">NTSC to H.264</button></span>
<div id="ntsc_to_h264" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Upscaled, Pillar-boxed HD H.264 Access Files from SD NTSC source</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -filter:v "yadif,scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,format=yuv420p" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>Calls the program ffmpeg</dd>
<dt>-i</dt><dd>for input video file and audio file</dd>
<dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>encodes video stream with libx264 (h264)</dd>
<dt>-filter:v</dt><dd>calls an option to apply filtering to the video stream. yadif deinterlaces. scale and pad do the math! resizes the video frame then pads the area around the 4:3 aspect to complete 16:9. flags=lanczos uses the Lanczos scaling algorithm which is slower but better than the default bilinear. Finally, format specifies a pixel format of YUV 4:2:0. The very same scaling filter also downscales a bigger image size into HD.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends NTSC to H.264 -->
<!-- 4:3 to 16:9 -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox">4:3 to 16:9</button></span>
<div id="SD_HD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox</h3>
<p>Transform a video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into a video file with 16:9 aspect ration by correct pillarboxing.</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 16:9 by pillarboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
<dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends 4:3 to 16:9 -->
<!-- SD to HD -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD_2"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform SD to HD with pillarbox">SD to HD</button></span>
<div id="SD_HD_2" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Transform SD into HD with pillarbox</h3>
<p>Transform a SD video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into an HD video file with 16:9 aspect ratio by correct pillarboxing.</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0"</dt><dd>set colour matrix, video scaling and padding<br>Three filters are applied:
<ol>
<li>The luma coefficients are modified from SD video (according to Rec. 601) to HD video (according to Rec. 709) by a colour matrix. Note that today Rec. 709 is often used also for SD and therefore you may cancel this parameter.</li>
<li>The scaling filter (<code>scale=1440:1080</code>) works for both upscaling and downscaling. We use the Lanczos scaling algorithm (<code>flags=lanczos</code>), which is slower but gives better results than the default bilinear algorithm.</li>
<li>The padding filter (<code>pad=1920:1080:240:0</code>) completes the transformation from SD to HD.</li>
</ol></dd>
<dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> with <code>-an</code>.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends SD to HD -->
<!-- 16:9 to 4:3 -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#HD_SD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox">16:9 to 4:3</button></span>
<div id="HD_SD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox</h3>
<p>Transform a video file with 16:9 aspect ratio into a video file with 4:3 aspect ration by correct letterboxing.</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>
This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 4:3 by letterboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
<dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends 16:9 to 4:3 -->
<!-- Transcode to FFV1.mkv -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_FFV1_mkv"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode your file with the FFV1 Version 3 Codec in a Matroska container">Create FFV1.mkv</button></span>
<div id="create_FFV1_mkv" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Create FFV1 Version 3 video in a Matroska container with framemd5 of input</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -map 0 -dn -c:v ffv1 -level 3 -g 1 -slicecrc 1 -slices 16 -c:a copy <i>output_file</i>.mkv -f framemd5 -an <i>md5_output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This will losslessly trancode your video with the FFV1 Version 3 codec in a Matroska container. In order to verify losslessness, a framemd5 of the source video is also generated. For more information on FFV1 encoding, <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/FFV1" target="_blank">try the ffmpeg wiki</a>.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command.</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file.</dd>
<dt>-map 0</dt><dd>Map all streams that are present in the input file. This is important as ffmpeg will map only one stream of each type (video, audio, subtitles) by default to the output video.</dd>
<dt>-dn</dt><dd>ignore data streams (data no). The Matroska container does not allow data tracks.</dd>
<dt>-c:v ffv1</dt><dd>specifies the FFV1 video codec.</dd>
<dt>-level 3</dt><dd>specifies Version 3 of the FFV1 codec.</dd>
<dt>-g 1</dt><dd>specifies intra-frame encoding, or GOP=1.</dd>
<dt>-slicecrc 1</dt><dd>Adds CRC information for each slice. This makes it possible for a decoder to detect errors in the bitstream, rather than blindly decoding a broken slice.</dd>
<dt>-slices 16</dt><dd>Each frame is split into 16 slices. 16 is a good trade-off between filesize and encoding time. <a href="http://ndsr.nycdigital.org/diving-in-head-first/" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>copies all mapped audio streams.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i>.mkv</dt><dd>path and name of the output file. Use the <code>.mkv</code> extension to save your file in a Matroska container. Optionally, choose a different extension if you want a different container, such as <code>.mov</code> or <code>.avi</code>.</dd>
<dt>-f framemd5</dt><dd> Decodes video with the framemd5 muxer in order to generate md5 checksums for every frame of your input file. This allows you to verify losslessness when compared against the framemd5s of the output file.</dd>
<dt>-an</dt><dd>ignores the audio stream when creating framemd5 (audio no)</dd>
<dt><i>framemd5_output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the framemd5 file.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Transcode to FFV1.mkv-->
<!-- Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video-->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#change_DAR"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding">Change Display Aspect Ratio</button></span>
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<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
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<h3>Change Display Aspect Ratio without reencoding video</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v copy -aspect 4:3 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>Copy all mapped video streams.</dd>
<dt>-aspect 4:3</dt><dd>Change Display Aspect Ratio to <code>4:3</code>. Experiment with other aspect ratios such as <code>16:9</code>. If used together with <code>-c:v copy</code>, it will affect the aspect ratio stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in encoded frames, if it exists.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video -->
<!-- MKV to MP4 -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mkv_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert Matroska (MKV) to MP4">MKV to MP4</button></span>
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<h3>MKV to MP4</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.mkv -c:v copy -c:a aac <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
<p>This will convert your Matroska (MKV) files to MP4 files.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file<br>
The extension for the Matroska container is <code>.mkv</code>.</dd>
<dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same video codec</dd>
<dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>re-encodes using the AAC audio codec<br>
Note that sadly MP4 cannot contain sound encoded by a PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation) audio codec.<br>
For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a aac</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file<br>
The extension for the MP4 container is <code>.mp4</code>.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends MKV to MP4 -->
<!-- Images to GIF -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#img_to_gif"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Converts images to GIF">Images to GIF</button></span>
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<h3>Images to GIF</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 9 -pattern_type glob -i <i>"input_image_*.jpg"</i> -vf scale=250x250 <i>output_file</i>.gif</code></p>
<p>This will convert a series of image files into a gif.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f image2</dt><dd>forces input or output file format. <code>image2</code> specifies the image file demuxer.</dd>
<dt>-framerate 9</dt><dd>sets framerate to 9 frames per second</dd>
<dt>-pattern_type glob</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg that the following mapping should "interpret like a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glob_%28programming%29" target="_blank">glob</a>" (a "global command" function that relies on the * as a wildcard and finds everything that matches)</dd>
<dt>-i <i>"input_image_*.jpg"</i></dt><dd>maps all files in the directory that start with input_image_, for example input_image_001.jpg, input_image_002.jpg, input_image_003.jpg... etc.<br>
(The quotation marks are necessary for the above “glob” pattern!)</dd>
<dt>-vf scale=250x250</dt><dd>filter the video to scale it to 250x250; -vf is an alias for -filter:v</dd>
<dt><i>output_file.gif</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Images to GIF -->
<!-- Rip DVD -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#dvd_to_file"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Basic DVD to file conversion">Convert DVD to H.264</button></span>
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<h3>Convert DVD to H.264</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i concat:<i>input_file1</i>\|<i>input_file2</i>\|<i>input_file3</i> -c:v libx264 -c:a copy <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
<p>This command allows you to create an H.264 file from a DVD source that is not copy-protected.</p>
<p>Before encoding, you’ll need to establish which of the .VOB files on the DVD or .iso contain the content that you wish to encode. Inside the VIDEO_TS directory, you will see a series of files with names like VTS_01_0.VOB, VTS_01_1.VOB, etc. Some of the .VOB files will contain menus, special features, etc, so locate the ones that contain target content by playing them back in VLC.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i concat:<i>input files</i></dt><dd>lists the input VOB files and directs ffmpeg to concatenate them. Each input file should be separated by a backslash and a pipe, like so:<br>
<code>-i concat:VTS_01_1.VOB\|VTS_01_2.VOB\|VTS_01_3.VOB</code><br>
The backslash is simply an escape character for the pipe (<b>|</b>).</dd>
<dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>sets the video codec as H.264</dd>
<dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>audio remains as-is (no re-encode)</dd>
<dt><i>output_file.mp4</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p>It’s also possible to adjust the quality of your output by setting the <b>-crf</b> and <b>-preset</b> values:</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i concat:<i>input_file1</i>\|<i>input_file2</i>\|<i>input_file3</i> -c:v libx264 -crf 18 -preset veryslow -c:a copy <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>-crf 18</dt><dd>sets the constant rate factor to a visually lossless value. Libx264 defaults to a <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/H.264#crf" target="_blank">crf of 23</a>, considered medium quality; a smaller crf value produces a larger and higher quality video.</dd>
<dt>-preset veryslow</dt><dd>A slower preset will result in better compression and therefore a higher-quality file. The default is <b>medium</b>; slower presets are <b>slow</b>, <b>slower</b>, and <b>veryslow</b>.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Bear in mind that by default, libx264 will only encode a single video stream and a single audio stream, picking the ‘best’ of the options available. To preserve all video and audio streams, add <b>-map</b> parameters:</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i concat:<i>input_file1</i>\|<i>input_file2</i> -map 0:v -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -c:a copy <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>-map 0:v</dt><dd>encodes all video streams</dd>
<dt>-map 0:a</dt><dd>encodes all audio streams</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends rip DVD -->
<!-- Transcode to H.265 -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#transcode_h265"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode to an H.265/HEVC MP4">Transcode to H.265/HEVC</button></span>
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<h3>Transcode to H.265/HEVC</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx265 -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command takes an input file and transcodes it to H.265/HEVC in an .mp4 wrapper, keeping the audio codec the same as in the original file.</p>
<p><b>Note</b>: ffmpeg must be compiled with libx265, the library of the H.265 codec, for this script to work. (Add the flag <code>--with-x265</code> if using <code>brew install ffmpeg</code> method).</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:v libx265</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to encode the video as H.265</dd>
<dt>-pix_fmt yuv420p</dt><dd>libx265 will use a chroma subsampling scheme that is the closest match to that of the input. This can result in YUV 4:2:0, 4:2:2, or 4:4:4 chroma subsampling. For widest accessibility, it’s a good idea to specify 4:2:0 chroma subsampling.</dd>
<dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg not to change the audio codec</dd>
<dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p>The libx265 encoding library defaults to a ‘medium’ preset for compression quality and a CRF of 28. CRF stands for ‘constant rate factor’ and determines the quality and file size of the resulting H.265 video. The CRF scale ranges from 0 (best quality [lossless]; largest file size) to 51 (worst quality; smallest file size).</p>
<p>A CRF of 28 for H.265 can be considered a medium setting, <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/H.265#ConstantRateFactorCRF" target="_blank">corresponding</a> to a CRF of 23 in <a href="./index.html#transcode_h264">encoding H.264</a>, but should result in about half the file size.</p>
<p>To create a higher quality file, you can add these presets:</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx265 -pix_fmt yuv420p -preset veryslow -crf 18 -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>-preset <i>veryslow</i></dt><dd>This option tells ffmpeg to use the slowest preset possible for the best compression quality.</dd>
<dt>-crf <i>18</i></dt><dd>Specifying a lower CRF will make a larger file with better visual quality. 18 is often considered a ‘visually lossless’ compression.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Transcode to H.265 -->
<!-- Deinterlace video -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#deinterlace"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Deinterlace video">Deinterlace video</button></span>
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<h3>Deinterlace a video</h3>
<p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf "yadif,format=yuv420p" <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
<p>This command takes an interlaced input file and outputs a deinterlaced H.264 MP4.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to encode the video stream as H.264</dd>
<dt>-vf</dt><dd>video filtering will be used (<code>-vf</code> is an alias of <code>-filter:v</code>)</dd>
<dt><i>"</i></dt><dd>start of filtergraph (see below)</dd>
<dt><i>yadif</i></dt><dd>deinterlacing filter (‘yet another deinterlacing filter’)<br>
By default, <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#yadif-1" target="_blank">yadif</a> will output one frame for each frame. Outputting one frame for each <i>field</i> (thereby doubling the frame rate) with <code>yadif=1</code> may produce visually better results.</dd>
<dt><i>,</i></dt><dd>separates filters</dd>
<dt><i>format=yuv420p</i></dt><dd>chroma subsampling set to 4:2:0<br>
By default, <code>libx264</code> will use a chroma subsampling scheme that is the closest match to that of the input. This can result in Y′C<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub> 4:2:0, 4:2:2, or 4:4:4 chroma subsampling. QuickTime and most other non-FFmpeg based players can’t decode H.264 files that are not 4:2:0, therefore it’s advisable to specify 4:2:0 chroma subsampling.</dd>
<dt><i>"</i></dt><dd>end of filtergraph</dd>
<dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p> <code>"yadif,format=yuv420p"</code> is an ffmpeg <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/FilteringGuide#FiltergraphChainFilterrelationship" target="_blank">filtergraph</a>. Here the filtergraph is made up of one filter chain, which is itself made up of the two filters (separated by the comma).<br>
The enclosing quote marks are necessary when you use spaces within the filtergraph, e.g. <code>-vf "yadif, format=yuv420p"</code>, and are included above as an example of good practice.</p>
<p><b>Note</b>: ffmpeg includes several deinterlacers apart from <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#yadif-1" target="_blank">yadif</a>: <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#bwdif" target="_blank">bwdif</a>, <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#w3fdif" target="_blank">w3fdif</a>, <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#kerndeint" target="_blank">kerndeint</a>, and <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#nnedi" target="_blank">nnedi</a>.</p>
<p>For more H.264 encoding options, see the latter section of the <a href="./index.html#transcode_h264">encode H.264 command</a>.</p>
<div class="sample-image">
<h4>Example</h4>
<p>Before and after deinterlacing:</p>
<img src="img/interlaced_video.png" alt="VLC screenshot of original interlaced video">
<img src="img/deinterlaced_video.png" alt="VLC screenshot of deinterlaced video">
</div>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Deinterlace video -->
<!-- Convert colourspace -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#convert-colourspace"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert colourspace of video">Convert colourspace</button></span>
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<h3>Transcode video to a different colourspace</h3>
<p>This command uses a filter to convert the video to a different colour space.</p>
<p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=src:dst <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to encode the video stream as H.264</dd>
<dt>-vf colormatrix=<i>src</i>:<i>dst</i></dt><dd>the video filter <b>colormatrix</b> will be applied, with the given source and destination colourspaces.<br>
Accepted values include <code>bt601</code> (Rec.601), <code>smpte170m</code> (Rec.601, 525-line/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC#NTSC-M" target="_blank">NTSC</a> version), <code>bt470bg</code> (Rec.601, 625-line/<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAL#PAL-B.2FG.2FD.2FK.2FI" target="_blank">PAL</a> version), <code>bt709</code> (Rec.709), and <code>bt2020</code> (Rec.2020).<br>
For example, to convert from Rec.601 to Rec.709, you would use <code>-vf colormatrix=bt601:bt709</code>.</dd>
<dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p><b>Note</b>: Converting between colourspaces with ffmpeg can be done via either the <b>colormatrix</b> or <b>colorspace</b> filters, with colorspace allowing finer control (individual setting of colourspace, transfer characteristics, primaries, range, pixel format, etc). See <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/colorspace" target="_blank">this</a> entry on the ffmpeg wiki, and the ffmpeg documentation for <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#colormatrix" target="_blank">colormatrix</a> and <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#colorspace" target="_blank">colorspace</a>.</p>
<hr>
<h4>Convert colourspace and embed colourspace metadata</h4>
<p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=src:dst -color_primaries <i>val</i> -color_trc <i>val</i> -colorspace <i>val</i> <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>encode video as H.264</dd>
<dt>-vf colormatrix=<i>src</i>:<i>dst</i></dt><dd>the video filter <b>colormatrix</b> will be applied, with the given source and destination colourspaces.</dd>
<dt>-color_primaries <i>val</i></dt><dd>tags video with the given colour primaries.<br>
Accepted values include <code>smpte170m</code> (Rec.601, 525-line/NTSC version), <code>bt470bg</code> (Rec.601, 625-line/PAL version), <code>bt709</code> (Rec.709), and <code>bt2020</code> (Rec.2020).
<dt>-color_trc <i>val</i></dt><dd>tags video with the given transfer characteristics (gamma).<br>
Accepted values include <code>smpte170m</code> (Rec.601, 525-line/NTSC version), <code>gamma28</code> (Rec.601, 625-line/PAL version)<sup><a href="#fn1" id="ref1">1</a></sup>, <code>bt709</code> (Rec.709), <code>bt2020_10</code> (Rec.2020 10-bit), and <code>bt2020_12</code> (Rec.2020 12-bit).</dd>
<dt>-colorspace <i>val</i></dt><dd>tags video as being in the given colourspace.<br>
Accepted values include <code>smpte170m</code> (Rec.601, 525-line/NTSC version), <code>bt470bg</code> (Rec.601, 625-line/PAL version), <code>bt709</code> (Rec.709), <code>bt2020_cl</code> (Rec.2020 constant luminance), and <code>bt2020_ncl</code> (Rec.2020 non-constant luminance).</dd>
<dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<h5>Examples</h5>
<p>To Rec.601 (525-line/NTSC):</p>
<p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=bt709:smpte170m -color_primaries smpte170m -color_trc smpte170m -colorspace smpte170m <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
<p>To Rec.601 (625-line/PAL):</p>
<p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=bt709:bt470bg -color_primaries bt470bg -color_trc gamma28 -colorspace bt470bg <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
<p>To Rec.709:</p>
<p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=bt601:bt709 -color_primaries bt709 -color_trc bt709 -colorspace bt709 <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
<p>MediaInfo output examples:</p>
<img src="./img/colourspace_metadata_mediainfo.png" alt="MediaInfo screenshots of colourspace metadata"><br>
<p><span class="beware">⚠</span> Using this command it is possible to add Rec.709 tags to a file that is actually Rec.601 (etc), so apply with caution!</p>
<p>These commands are relevant for H.264 and H.265 videos, encoded with <code>libx264</code> and <code>libx265</code> respectively.</p>
<p><b>Note</b>: If you wish to embed colourspace metadata <i>without</i> changing to another colourspace, omit <code>-vf colormatrix=src:dst</code>. However, since it is <code>libx264</code>/<code>libx265</code> that writes the metadata, it’s not possible to add these tags without reencoding the video stream.</p>
<p>For all possible values for <code>-color_primaries</code>, <code>-color_trc</code>, and <code>-colorspace</code>, see the ffmpeg documentation on <a href="./index.html#Codec-Options" target="_blank">codec options</a>.</p>
<hr>
<p id="fn1" class="footnote">1. Out of step with the regular pattern, <code>-color_trc</code> doesn’t accept <code>bt470bg</code>; it is instead here referred to directly as gamma.<br>
In the Rec.601 standard, 525-line/NTSC and 625-line/PAL video have assumed gammas of 2.2 and 2.8 respectively. <a href="#ref1" title="Jump back.">↩</a></p>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Convert colourspace -->
<!-- Inverse telecine -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#inverse-telecine"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Inverse telecine video">Inverse telecine</button></span>
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<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Inverse telecine a video file</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf "fieldmatch,yadif,decimate" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>The inverse telecine procedure reverses the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-two_pull_down">3:2 pull down</a> process, restoring 29.97fps interlaced video to the 24fps frame rate of the original film source.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>encode video as H.264</dd>
<dt>-vf "fieldmatch,yadif,decimate"</dt><dd>applies these three video filters to the input video.<br>
<a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#fieldmatch">Fieldmatch</a> is a field matching filter for inverse telecine - it reconstructs the progressive frames from a telecined stream.<br>
<a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#yadif-1">Yadif</a> (‘yet another deinterlacing filter’) deinterlaces the video. (Note that ffmpeg also includes several other deinterlacers).<br>
<a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#decimate-1">Decimate</a> deletes duplicated frames.</dd>
<dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p> <code>"fieldmatch,yadif,decimate"</code> is an ffmpeg <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/FilteringGuide#FiltergraphChainFilterrelationship" target="_blank">filtergraph</a>. Here the filtergraph is made up of one filter chain, which is itself made up of the three filters (separated by commas).<br>
The enclosing quote marks are necessary when you use spaces within the filtergraph, e.g. <code>-vf "fieldmatch, yadif, decimate"</code>, and are included above as an example of good practice.</p>
<p>Note that if applying an inverse telecine procedure to a 29.97i file, the output framerate will actually be 23.976fps.</p>
<p>This command can also be used to restore other framerates.</p>
<div class="sample-image">
<h4>Example</h4>
<p>Before and after inverse telecine:</p>
<img src="img/ivtc_originalvideo.gif" alt="GIF of original video">
<img src="img/ivtc_result.gif" alt="GIF of video after inverse telecine">
</div>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Inverse telecine -->
</div>
<div class="well">
<h4>Filters</h4>
<!-- astats -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#astats"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Play a graphical output showing decibel levels of an input file">Graphic for audio</button></span>
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<h3>Plays a graphical output showing decibel levels of an input file</h3>
<p><code>ffplay -f lavfi "amovie='input.mp3',astats=metadata=1:reset=1,adrawgraph=lavfi.astats.Overall.Peak_level:max=0:min=-30.0:size=700x256:bg=Black[out]"</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">Libavfilter input virtual device</a></dd>
<dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to start command</dd>
<dt>movie='<i>input.mp3</i>'</dt><dd>declares audio source file on which to apply filter</dd>
<dt>,</dt><dd>comma signifies the end of audio source section and the beginning of the filter section</dd>
<dt>astats=metadata=1</dt><dd>tells the astats filter to ouput metadata that can be passed to another filter (in this case adrawgraph)</dd>
<dt>:</dt><dd>divides beteen options of the same filter</dd>
<dt>reset=1</dt><dd>tells the filter to calculate the stats on every frame (increasing this number would calculate stats for groups of frames)</dd>
<dt>,</dt><dd>comma divides one filter in the chain from another</dd>
<dt>adrawgraph=lavfi.astats.Overall.Peak_level:max=0:min=-30.0</dt><dd>draws a graph using the overall peak volume calculated by the astats filter. It sets the max for the graph to 0 (dB) and the minimum to -30 (dB). For more options on data points that can be graphed see the <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#astats-1" target="_blank">ffmpeg astats documentation</a></dd>
<dt>size=700x256:bg=Black</dt><dd>sets the background color and size of the output</dd>
<dt>[out]</dt><dd>ends the filterchain and sets the output</dd>
<dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to close command</dd>
</dl>
<div class="sample-image">
<h4>Example of filter output</h4>
<img src="img/astats_levels.gif" alt="astats example">
</div>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends astats -->
<!-- BRNG -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#brng"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Identify pixels out of broadcast range">Broadcast Range</button></span>
<div id="brng" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Shows all pixels outside of broadcast range</h3>
<p><code>ffplay -f lavfi "movie='<i>input.mp4</i>',signalstats=out=brng:color=cyan[out]"</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">Libavfilter input virtual device</a></dd>
<dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to start command</dd>
<dt>movie='<i>input.mp4</i>'</dt><dd>declares video file source to apply filter</dd>
<dt>,</dt><dd>comma signifies closing of video source assertion and ready for filter assertion</dd>
<dt>signalstats=out=brng:</dt><dd>tells ffplay to use the signalstats command, output the data, use the brng filter</dd>
<dt>:</dt><dd>indicates there’s another parameter coming</dd>
<dt>color=cyan[out]</dt><dd>sets the color of out-of-range pixels to cyan</dd>
<dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to close command</dd>
</dl>
<div class="sample-image">
<h4>Example of filter output</h4>
<img src="img/brng.gif" alt="BRNG example">
</div>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends BRNG -->
<!-- ocr -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#ocr_on_top"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Play video with OCR on top">Shows OCR</button></span>
<div id="ocr_on_top" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Plays video with OCR on top</h3>
<p>Note: ffmpeg must be compiled with the tesseract library for this script to work (<code>--with-tesseract</code> if using <code>brew install ffmpeg</code> method).</p>
<p><code>ffplay input_file -vf "ocr,drawtext=fontfile=/Library/Fonts/Andale Mono.ttf:text=%{metadata\\\:lavfi.ocr.text}:fontcolor=white"</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt><i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-vf</dt><dd>creates a filtergraph to use for the streams</dd>
<dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to start filter command</dd>
<dt>ocr,</dt><dd>tells ffplay to use ocr as source and the comma signifies that the script is ready for filter assertion</dd>
<dt>drawtext=fontfile=/Library/Fonts/Andale Mono.ttf</dt><dd>tells ffplay to drawtext and use a specific font (Andale Mono) when doing so</dd>
<dt>:</dt><dd>indicates there’s another parameter coming</dd>
<dt>text=%{metadata\\\:lavfi.ocr.text}</dt><dd>tells ffplay what text to use when playing. In this case, calls for metadata that lives in the lavfi.ocr.text library</dd>
<dt>:</dt><dd>indicates there’s another parameter coming</dd>
<dt>fontcolor=white</dt><dd>specifies font color as white</dd>
<dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to close filter command</dd>
</dl>
<div class="sample-image">
<!-- <h4>Example of filter output</h4> -->
<!-- <img src="" alt="ocr example"> -->
</div>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends ocr -->
<!-- Exports OCR -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#ffprobe_ocr"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Export OCR from video to screen">Exports OCR</button></span>
<div id="ffprobe_ocr" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Exports OCR data to screen</h3>
<p>Note: ffmpeg must be compiled with the tesseract library for this script to work (<code>--with-tesseract</code> if using <code>brew install ffmpeg</code> method)</p>
<p><code>ffprobe -show_entries frame_tags=lavfi.ocr.text -f lavfi -i "movie=<i>input_file</i>,ocr"</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffprobe</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-show_entries</dt><dd>sets a list of entries to show</dd>
<dt>frame_tags=lavfi.ocr.text</dt><dd>shows the <i>lavfi.ocr.text</i> tag in the frame section of the video</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">Libavfilter input virtual device</a></dd>
<dt>-i "movie=<i>input_file</i>,ocr"</dt><dd>declares 'movie' as <i>input_file</i> and passes in the 'ocr' command</dd>
</dl>
<div class="sample-image">
<!-- <h4>Example of filter output</h4> -->
<!-- <img src="" alt="Exports OCR example"> -->
</div>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Exports OCR -->
<!-- Vectorscope -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#vectorscope"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Vectorscope from video to screen">Vectorscope</button></span>
<div id="vectorscope" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Plays vectorscope of video</h3>
<p><code>ffplay <i>input_file</i> -vf "split=2[m][v],[v]vectorscope=b=0.7:m=color3:g=green[v],[m][v]overlay=x=W-w:y=H-h"</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt><i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-vf</dt><dd>creates a filtergraph to use for the streams</dd>
<dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to start command</dd>
<dt>split=2[m][v]</dt><dd>Splits the input into two identical outputs and names them [m] and [v]</dd>
<dt>,</dt><dd>comma signifies there is another parameter coming</dd>
<dt>[v]vectorscope=b=0.7:m=color3:g=green[v]</dt><dd>asserts usage of the vectorscope filter and sets a light background opacity (b, alias for bgopacity), sets a background color style (m, alias for mode), and graticule color (g, alias for graticule)</dd>
<dt>,</dt><dd>comma signifies there is another parameter coming</dd>
<dt>[m][v]overlay=x=W-w:y=H-h</dt><dd>declares where the vectorscope will overlay on top of the video image as it plays</dd>
<dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to end command</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Vectorscope -->
<!--Side by Side Videos/Temporal Difference Filter-->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#tempdif"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Play two videos side by side while applying the temporal difference filter to both">Side by Side Videos/Temporal Difference Filter</button></span>
<div id="tempdif" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
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<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>This will play two input videos side by side while also applying the temporal difference filter to them</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i input01 -i input02 -filter_complex "[0:v:0]tblend=all_mode=difference128[a];[1:v:0]tblend=all_mode=difference128[b];[a][b]hstack[out]" -map [out] -f nut -c:v rawvideo - | ffplay -</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input01</i> -i <i>input02</i></dt><dd>Designates the files to use for inputs one and two respectively</dd>
<dt>-filter_complex</dt><dd>Lets ffmpeg know we will be using a complex filter (this must be used for multiple inputs)</dd>
<dt>[0:v:0]tblend=all_mode=difference128[a]</dt><dd>Applies the tblend filter (with the settings all_mode and difference128) to the first video stream from the first input and assigns the result to the output [a]</dd>
<dt>[1:v:0]tblend=all_mode=difference128[a]</dt><dd>Applies the tblend filter (with the settings all_mode and difference128) to the first video stream from the second input and assigns the result to the output [b]</dd>
<dt>[a][b]hstack[out]</dt><dd>Takes the outputs from the previous steps ([a] and [b] and uses the hstack (horizontal stack) filter on them to create the side by side output. This output is then named [out])</dd>
<dt>-map [out]</dt><dd>Maps the output of the filter chain</dd>
<dt>-f nut</dt><dd>Sets the format for the output video stream to <a href="https://www.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-formats.html#nut" target="_blank">Nut</a></dd>
<dt>-c:v rawvideo</dt><dd>Sets the video codec of the output video stream to raw video</dd>
<dt>-</dt><dd>Tells ffmpeg that the output will be piped to a new command (as opposed to a file)</dd>
<dt>|</dt><dd>Tells the system you will be piping the output of the previous command into a new command</dd>
<dt>ffplay -</dt><dd>Starts ffplay and tells it to use the pipe from the previous command as its input</dd>
</dl>
<div class="sample-image">
<h4>Example of filter output</h4>
<img src="img/tempdif.gif" alt="astats example">
</div>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Side by Side Videos/Temporal Difference Filter -->
</div>
<div class="well">
<h4>Make derivative variations</h4>
<!-- Create GIF -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_gif"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create a GIF from a video">Create GIF</button></span>
<div id="create_gif" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Create GIF</h3>
<p>Create high quality GIF</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -ss HH:MM:SS -i <i>input_file</i> -filter_complex "fps=10,scale=500:-1:flags=lanczos,palettegen" -t 3 <i>palette.png</i></code></p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -ss HH:MM:SS -i <i>input_file</i> -i palette.png -filter_complex "[0:v]fps=10,scale=500:-1:flags=lanczos[v],[v][1:v]paletteuse" -t 3 -loop 6 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>The first command will use the palettegen filter to create a custom palette, then the second command will create the GIF with the paletteuse filter. The result is a high quality GIF.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-ss <i>HH:MM:SS</i></dt><dd>starting point of the gif. If a plain numerical value is used it will be interpreted as seconds</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter_complex "fps=<i>frame rate</i>,scale=<i>width</i>:<i>height</i>,palettegen"</dt><dd>a complex filtergraph using the fps filter to set frame rate, the scale filter to resize, and the palettegen filter to generate the palette. The scale value of <i>-1</i> preserves the aspect ratio</dd>
<dt>-t <i>3</i></dt><dd>duration in seconds (here 3; can be specified also with a full timestamp, i.e. here 00:00:03)</dd>
<dt>-loop <i>6</i></dt><dd>number of times to loop the gif. A value of <i>-1</i> will disable looping. Omitting <i>-loop</i> will use the default which will loop infinitely</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p>Simpler GIF creation</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -ss HH:MM:SS -i <i>input_file</i> -vf "fps=10,scale=500:-1" -t 3 -loop 6 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This is a quick and easy method. Dithering is more apparent than the above method using the palette* filters, but the file size will be smaller. Perfect for that “legacy” GIF look.</p>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Create GIF -->
<!-- One thumbnail -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#one_thumbnail"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Export one thumbnail per video file">One thumbnail</button></span>
<div id="one_thumbnail" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>One thumbnail</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -ss 00:00:20 -vframes 1 thumb.png</code></p>
<p>This command will grab a thumbnail 20 seconds into the video.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-ss <i>00:00:20</i></dt><dd>seeks video file to 20 seconds into the video</dd>
<dt>-vframes <i>1</i></dt><dd>sets the number of frames (in this example, one frame)</dd>
<dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends One thumbnail -->
<!-- Multi thumbnail -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#multi_thumbnail"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Export many thumbnails per video file">Many thumbnails</button></span>
<div id="multi_thumbnail" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Many thumbnails</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -vf fps=1/60 out%d.png</code></p>
<p>This will grab a thumbnail every minute and output sequential png files.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-ss <i>00:00:20</i></dt><dd>seeks video file to 20 seconds into the video</dd>
<dt>-vf fps=1/60</dt><dd>Creates a filtergraph to use for the streams. The rest of the command identifies filtering by frames per second, and sets the frames per second at 1/60 (which is one per minute). Omitting this will output all frames from the video.</dd>
<dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. In the example out%d.png where %d is a regular expression that adds a number (d is for digit) and increments with each frame (out1.png, out2.png, out3.png…). You may also chose a regular expression like out%04d.png which gives 4 digits with leading 0 (out0001.png, out0002.png, out0003.png, …).</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Multi thumbnail -->
<!-- Excerpt from beginning -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#excerpt_from_start"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create an excerpt, starting from the beginning of the file">Excerpt from beginning</button></span>
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<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Excerpt from beginning</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -t <i>5</i> -c copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command captures a certain portion of a video file, starting from the beginning and continuing for the amount of time (in seconds) specified in the script. This can be used to create a preview file, or to remove unwanted content from the end of the file. To be more specific, use timecode, such as 00:00:05.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-t <i>5</i></dt><dd>Tells ffmpeg to stop copying from the input file after a certain time, and specifies the number of seconds after which to stop copying. In this case, 5 seconds is specified.</dd>
<dt>-c copy</dt><dd>use stream copy mode to re-mux instead of re-encode</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Excerpt from beginning -->
<!-- Trim -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#trim"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Trim video">Trim video</button></span>
<div id="trim" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Trim a video without re-encoding</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -ss 00:02:00 -to 00:55:00 -c copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command allows you to create an excerpt from a video file without re-encoding the image data.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-ss 00:02:00</dt><dd>sets in point at 00:02:00</dd>
<dt>-to 00:55:00</dt><dd>sets out point at 00:55:00</dd>
<dt>-c copy</dt><dd>use stream copy mode (no re-encoding)<br>
<i>Note:</i> watch out when using <code>-ss</code> with <code>-c copy</code> if the source is encoded with an interframe codec (e.g., H.264). Since ffmpeg must split on i-frames, it will seek to the nearest i-frame to begin the stream copy.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p>Variation: trim video by setting duration, by using <code>-t</code> instead of <code>-to</code></p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -ss 00:05:00 -t 10 -c copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>-ss 00:05:00 -t 10</dt><dd>Beginning five minutes into the original video, this command will create a 10-second-long excerpt.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Note: In order to keep the original timestamps, without trying to sanitise them, you may add the <code>-copyts</code> option.</p>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Trim -->
<!-- Excerpt to end -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#excerpt_to_end"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create a new video file with the first five seconds trimmed off the original">Excerpt to end</button></span>
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<h3>Excerpt to end</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -ss <i>5</i> -c copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command copies a video file starting from a specified time, removing the first few seconds from the output. This can be used to create an excerpt, or remove unwanted content from the beginning of a video file.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-ss <i>5</i></dt><dd>Tells ffmpeg what timecode in the file to look for to start copying, and specifies the number of seconds into the video that ffmpeg should start copying. To be more specific, you can use timecode such as 00:00:05.</dd>
<dt>-c copy</dt><dd>use stream copy mode to re-mux instead of re-encode</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Excerpt to end -->
<!-- Excerpt from end -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#excerpt_from_end"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create a new video file with the final five seconds of the original">Excerpt from end</button></span>
<div id="excerpt_from_end" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
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<h3>Excerpt from end</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -sseof <i>-5</i> -i <i>input_file</i> -c copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command copies a video file starting from a specified time before the end of the file, removing everything before from the output. This can be used to create an excerpt, or extract content from the end of a video file (e.g. for extracting the closing credits).</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-sseof <i>-5</i></dt><dd>This parameter must stay before the input file. It tells ffmpeg what timecode in the file to look for to start copying, and specifies the number of seconds from the end of the video that ffmpeg should start copying. The end of the file has index 0 and the minus sign is needed to reference earlier portions. To be more specific, you can use timecode such as -00:00:05. Note that in most file formats it is not possible to seek exactly, so ffmpeg will seek to the closest point before.</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c copy</dt><dd>use stream copy mode to re-mux instead of re-encode</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Excerpt from end -->
<!-- Create ISO -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_iso"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create ISO files for DVD access">Create ISO</button></span>
<div id="create_iso" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Create ISO files for DVD access</h3>
<p>Create an ISO file that can be used to burn a DVD. Please note, you will have to install dvdauthor. To install dvd author using Homebrew run: <code>brew install dvdauthor</code></p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -aspect <i>4:3</i> -target <i>ntsc-dvd output_file</i>.mpg</code></p>
<p>This command will take any file and create an MPEG file that dvdauthor can use to create an ISO.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-aspect <i>4:3</i></dt><dd>declares the aspect ratio of the resulting video file. You can also use 16:9.</dd>
<dt>-target <i>ntsc-dvd</i></dt><dd>specifies the region for your DVD. This could be also pal-dvd.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i>.mpg</dt><dd>path and name of the output file. The extension must be .mpg</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Create ISO -->
<!-- Cover head switching noise -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#cover_head"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Cover head switching noise">Cover head</button></span>
<div id="cover_head" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Cover head switching noise</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v drawbox=w=iw:h=7:y=ih-h:t=max <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command will draw a black box over a small area of the bottom of the frame, which can be used to cover up head switching noise.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter:v drawbox=</dt>
<dd>This calls the drawtext filter with the following options:
<dl>
<dt>w=in_w</dt><dd>Width is set to the input width. Shorthand for this command would be w=iw</dd>
<dt>h=7</dt><dd>Height is set to 7 pixels.</dd>
<dt>y=ih-h</dt><dd>Y represents the offset, and ih-h sets it to the input height minus the height declared in the previous parameter, setting the box at the bottom of the frame.</dd>
<dt>t=max</dt><dd>T represents the thickness of the drawn box. Default is 3.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Cover head switching noise -->
<!-- append notice to access mp3 -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#append_mp3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Generate two access MP3s from input. One with added audio (such as copyright notice) and one unmodified.">Append notice to access MP3</button></span>
<div id="append_mp3" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Generate two access MP3s from input. One with appended audio (such as copyright notice) and one unmodified.</h3>
<p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -i <i>input_file_to_append</i> -filter_complex "[0:a:0]asplit=2[a][b];[b]afifo[bb];[1:a:0][bb]concat=n=2:v=0:a=1[concatout]" -map "[a]" -codec:a libmp3lame -dither_method modified_e_weighted -qscale:a 2 <i>output_file.mp3</i> -map "[concatout]" -codec:a libmp3lame -dither_method modified_e_weighted -qscale:a 2 <i>output_file_appended.mp3</i></code></p>
<p>This script allows you to generate two derivative audio files from a master while appending audio from a seperate file (for example a copyright or institutional notice) to one of them.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file (the master file)</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file_to_append</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file (the file to be appended to access file)</dd>
<dt>-filter_complex</dt><dd>enables the complex filtering to manage splitting the input to two audio streams</dd>
<dt>[0:a:0]asplit=2[a][b];</dt><dd><code>asplit</code> allows audio streams to be split up for seperate manipulation. This command splits the audio from the first input (the master file) into two streams "a" and "b"</dd>
<dt>[b]afifo[bb];</dt><dd>this buffers the stream "b" to help prevent dropped samples and renames stream to "bb"</dd>
<dt>[1:a:0][bb]concat=n=2:v=0:a=1[concatout]</dt><dd><code>concat</code> is used to join files. <code>n=2</code> tells the filter there are two inputs. <code>v=0:a=1</code> Tells the filter there are 0 video outputs and 1 audio output. This command appends the audio from the second input to the beginning of stream "bb" and names the output "concatout"</dd>
<dt>-map "[a]"</dt><dd>this maps the unmodified audio stream to the first output</dd>
<dt>-codec:a libmp3lame -dither_method modified_e_weighted -qscale:a 2</dt><dd>sets up mp3 options (using constant quality)</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file (unmodified)</dd>
<dt>-map "[concatout]"</dt><dd>this maps the modified stream to the second output</dd>
<dt>-codec:a libmp3lame -dither_method modified_e_weighted -qscale:a 2</dt><dd>sets up mp3 options (using constant quality)</dd>
<dt><i>output_file_appended</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file (with appended notice)</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends append notice to access mp3 -->
</div>
<div class="well">
<h4>Preservation</h4>
<!-- batch processing (Mac/Linux) -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#batch_processing_bash"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="FFmpeg batch processing on Mac/Linux">Batch processing (Mac/Linux)</button></span>
<div id="batch_processing_bash" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
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<h3>Create Bash script to batch process with ffmpeg</h3>
<p>Bash scripts are plain text files saved with a .sh extension. This entry explains how they work with the example of a bash script named “Rewrap-MXF.sh”, which rewraps .MXF files in a given directory to .MOV files.</p>
<p>“Rewrap-MXF.sh” contains the following text:</p>
<p><code>for file in *.MXF; do ffmpeg -i "$file" -map 0 -c copy "${file%.MXF}.mov"; done</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>for file in *.MXF</dt><dd>starts the loop, and states what the input files will be. Here, the ffmpeg command within the loop will be applied to all files with an extension of .MXF.<br>
The word ‘file’ is an arbitrary variable which will represent each .MXF file in turn as it is looped over.</dd>
<dt>do ffmpeg -i "$file"</dt><dd>carry out the following ffmpeg command for each input file.<br>
Per Bash syntax, within the command the variable is referred to by <b>“$file”</b>. The dollar sign is used to reference the variable ‘file’, and the enclosing quotation marks prevents reinterpretation of any special characters that may occur within the filename, ensuring that the original filename is retained.</dd>
<dt>-map 0</dt><dd>retain all streams</dd>
<dt>-c copy</dt><dd>enable stream copy (no re-encode)</dd>
<dt>"${file%.MXF}.mov";</dt><dd>retaining the original file name, set the output file wrapper as .mov</dd>
<dt>done</dt><dd>complete; all items have been processed.</dd>
</dl>
<p><b>Note</b>: the shell script (.sh file) and all .MXF files to be processed must be contained within the same directory, and the script must be run from that directory.<br>
Execute the .sh file with the command <code>sh Rewrap-MXF.sh</code>.</p>
<p>Modify the script as needed to perform different transcodes, or to use with ffprobe. :)</p>
<p>The basic pattern will look similar to this:<br>
<code>for item in *.ext; do ffmpeg -i $item <i>(ffmpeg options here)</i> "${item%.ext}_suffix.ext"</code></p>
<p>e.g., if an input file is bestmovie002.avi, its output will be bestmovie002_suffix.avi.</p>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends batch processing (Mac/Linux) -->
<!-- batch processing (Windows) -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#batch_processing_win"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="FFmpeg batch processing on Windows">Batch processing (Windows)</button></span>
<div id="batch_processing_win" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Create PowerShell script to batch process with ffmpeg</h3>
<p>As of Windows 10, it is possible to run Bash via <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/about" target="_blank">Bash on Ubuntu on Windows</a>, allowing you to use <a href="index.html#batch_processing_bash">bash scripting</a>. To enable Bash on Windows, see <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/install_guide" target="_blank">these instructions</a>.</p>
<p>On Windows, the primary native command line programme is <b>PowerShell</b>. PowerShell scripts are plain text files saved with a .ps1 extension. This entry explains how they work with the example of a PowerShell script named “rewrap-mp4.ps1”, which rewraps .mp4 files in a given directory to .mkv files.</p>
<p>“rewrap-mp4.ps1” contains the following text:</p>
<pre class="codeblock"><code>$inputfiles = ls *.mp4
foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
$output = [io.path]::ChangeExtension($file, '.mkv')
ffmpeg -i $file -map 0 -c copy $output
}</code></pre>
<dl>
<dt>$inputfiles = ls *.mp4</dt><dd>Creates the variable <code>$inputfiles</code>, which is a list of all the .mp4 files in the current folder.<br>
In PowerShell, all variable names start with the dollar-sign character.</dd>
<dt>foreach ($file in $inputfiles)</dt><dd>Creates a loop and states the subsequent code block will be applied to each file listed in <code>$inputfiles</code>.<br>
<code>$file</code> is an arbitrary variable which will represent each .mp4 file in turn as it is looped over.</dd>
<dt>{</dt><dd>Opens the code block.</dd>
<dt>$output = [io.path]::ChangeExtension($file, '.mkv')</dt><dd>Sets up the output file: it will be located in the current folder and keep the same filename, but will have an .mkv extension instead of .mp4.</dd>
<dt>ffmpeg -i $file</dt><dd>Carry out the following ffmpeg command for each input file.<br>
<b>Note</b>: To call ffmpeg here as just ‘ffmpeg’ (rather than entering the full path to ffmpeg.exe), you must make sure that it’s correctly configured. See <a href="http://adaptivesamples.com/how-to-install-ffmpeg-on-windows/" target="_blank">this article</a>, especially the section ‘Add to Path’.</dd>
<dt>-map 0</dt><dd>retain all streams</dd>
<dt>-c copy</dt><dd>enable stream copy (no re-encode)</dd>
<dt>$output</dt><dd>The output file is set to the value of the <code>$output</code> variable declared above: i.e., the current file name with an .mkv extension.</dd>
<dt>}</dt><dd>Closes the code block.</dd>
</dl>
<p><b>Note</b>: the PowerShell script (.ps1 file) and all .mp4 files to be rewrapped must be contained within the same directory, and the script must be run from that directory.<p>
<p>Execute the .ps1 file by typing <code>.\rewrap-mp4.ps1</code> in PowerShell.</p>
<p>Modify the script as needed to perform different transcodes, or to use with ffprobe. :)</p>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends batch processing (Windows) -->
<!-- Create frame md5s -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_frame_md5s"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create an MD5 checksum per video frame">Create MD5 checksums</button></span>
<div id="create_frame_md5s" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
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<h3>Create MD5 checksums</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -f framemd5 -an <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This will create an MD5 checksum per video frame.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-f framemd5</dt><dd>library used to calculate the MD5 checksums</dd>
<dt>-an</dt><dd>ignores the audio stream (audio no)</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p>You may verify an MD5 checksum file created this way by using a <a href="check_framemd5.sh" target="_blank">Bash script</a>.</p>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Create frame md5s -->
<!-- Pull specs -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#pull_specs"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Pull specs from video file">Pull specs</button></span>
<div id="pull_specs" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
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<div class="well">
<h3>Pull specs from video file</h3>
<p><code>ffprobe -i <i>input_file</i> -show_format -show_streams -show_data -print_format xml</code></p>
<p>This command extracts technical metadata from a video file and displays it in xml.</p>
<p>ffmpeg documentation on ffprobe (full list of flags, commands, <a href="https://www.ffmpeg.org/ffprobe.html" target="_blank">www.ffmpeg.org/ffprobe.html</a>)</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffprobe</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-show_format</dt><dd>outputs file container informations</dd>
<dt>-show_streams</dt><dd>outputs audio and video codec informations</dd>
<dt>-show_data</dt><dd>adds a short “hexdump” to show_streams command output</dd>
<dt>-print_format</dt><dd>Set the output printing format (in this example “xml”; other formats include “json” and “flat”)</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Pull specs -->
<!-- Check FFV1 fixity -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#check_FFV1_fixity"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Decode your video and verify the internal CRC checksums">Check FFV1 fixity</button></span>
<div id="check_FFV1_fixity" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
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<h3>Check FFV1 Version 3 fixity</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -report -i <i>input_file</i> -f null -</code></p>
<p>This decodes your video and displays any CRC checksum mismatches. These errors will display in your terminal like this: <code>[ffv1 @ 0x1b04660] CRC mismatch 350FBD8A!at 0.272000 seconds</code></p>
<p>Frame crcs are enabled by default in FFV1 Version 3.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-report</dt><dd>Dump full command line and console output to a file named <i>ffmpeg-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS.log</i> in the current directory. It also implies <code>-loglevel verbose</code>.</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-f null</dt><dd>Video is decoded with the <code>null</code> muxer. This allows video decoding without creating an output file.</dd>
<dt>-</dt><dd>FFmpeg syntax requires a specified output, and <code>-</code> is just a place holder. No file is actually created. </dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Check FFV1 Fixity -->
<!-- Check interlacement -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#check_interlacement"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Identify interlacement patterns in a video file">Check interlacement </button></span>
<div id="check_interlacement" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
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<div class="well">
<h3>Check video file interlacement patterns</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input file</i> -filter:v idet -f null -</code></p>
<p></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter:v idet</dt><dd>This calls the <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#idet" target="_blank">idet (detect video interlacing type) filter</a>.</dd>
<dt>-f null</dt><dd>Video is decoded with the <code>null</code> muxer. This allows video decoding without creating an output file.</dd>
<dt>-</dt><dd>FFmpeg syntax requires a specified output, and <code>-</code> is just a place holder. No file is actually created. </dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Check interlacement -->
<!-- QCTools Report -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#qctools"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create a QCTools report for a video file with audio track">QCTools report (with audio)</button></span>
<div id="qctools" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
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<h3>Creates a QCTools report</h3>
<p><code>ffprobe -f lavfi -i "movie=<i>input_file</i>:s=v+a[in0][in1],[in0]signalstats=stat=tout+vrep+brng,cropdetect=reset=1:round=1,idet=half_life=1,split[a][b];[a]field=top[a1];[b]field=bottom,split[b1][b2];[a1][b1]psnr[c1];[c1][b2]ssim[out0];[in1]ebur128=metadata=1,astats=metadata=1:reset=1:length=0.4[out1]" -show_frames -show_versions -of xml=x=1:q=1 -noprivate | gzip > <i>input_file</i>.qctools.xml.gz</code></p>
<p>This will create an XML report for use in <a href="https://github.com/bavc/qctools" target="_blank">QCTools</a> for a video file with one video track and one audio track. See also the <a href="https://github.com/bavc/qctools/blob/master/docs/data_format.md#creating-a-qctools-document" target="_blank">QCTools documentation</a>.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffprobe</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffprobe to use the Libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-i</dt><dd>input file and parameters</dd>
<dt>"movie=<i>input_file</i>:s=v+a[in0][in1],[in0]signalstats=stat=tout+vrep+brng,cropdetect=reset=1:round=1,idet=half_life=1,split[a][b];[a]field=top[a1];[b]field=bottom,split[b1][b2];[a1][b1]psnr[c1];[c1][b2]ssim[out0];[in1]ebur128=metadata=1,astats=metadata=1:reset=1:length=0.4[out1]"</dt>
<dd>This very large lump of commands declares the input file and passes in a request for all potential data signal information for a file with one video and one audio track</dd>
<dt>-show_frames</dt><dd>asks for information about each frame and subtitle contained in the input multimedia stream</dd>
<dt>-show_versions</dt><dd>asks for information related to program and library versions</dd>
<dt>-of xml=x=1:q=1</dt><dd>sets the data export format to XML</dd>
<dt>-noprivate</dt><dd>hides any private data that might exist in the file</dd>
<dt>| gzip</dt><dd>The | is to "pipe" (or push) the data into a compressed file format</dd>
<dt><code>></code></dt><dd>redirects the standard output (the data made by ffprobe about the video)</dd>
<dt><i>input_file</i>.qctools.xml.gz</dt><dd>names the zipped data output file, which can be named anything but needs the extension qctools.xml.gz for compatibility issues</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends QCTools Report -->
<!-- QCTools Report (no audio) -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#qctools_no_audio"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create a QCTools report for a video file with no audio track">QCTools report (no audio)</button></span>
<div id="qctools_no_audio" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Creates a QCTools report</h3>
<p><code>ffprobe -f lavfi -i "movie=<i>input_file</i>,signalstats=stat=tout+vrep+brng,cropdetect=reset=1:round=1,idet=half_life=1,split[a][b];[a]field=top[a1];[b]field=bottom,split[b1][b2];[a1][b1]psnr[c1];[c1][b2]ssim" -show_frames -show_versions -of xml=x=1:q=1 -noprivate | gzip > <i>input_file</i>.qctools.xml.gz</code></p>
<p>This will create an XML report for use in <a href="https://github.com/bavc/qctools" target="_blank">QCTools</a> for a video file with one video track and NO audio track. See also the <a href="https://github.com/bavc/qctools/blob/master/docs/data_format.md#creating-a-qctools-document" target="_blank">QCTools documentation</a>.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffprobe</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffprobe to use the Libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-i</dt><dd>input file and parameters</dd>
<dt>"movie=<i>input_file</i>,signalstats=stat=tout+vrep+brng,cropdetect=reset=1:round=1,idet=half_life=1,split[a][b];[a]field=top[a1];[b]field=bottom,split[b1][b2];[a1][b1]psnr[c1];[c1][b2]ssim"</dt>
<dd>This very large lump of commands declares the input file and passes in a request for all potential data signal information for a file with one video and one audio track</dd>
<dt>-show_frames</dt><dd>asks for information about each frame and subtitle contained in the input multimedia stream</dd>
<dt>-show_versions</dt><dd>asks for information related to program and library versions</dd>
<dt>-of xml=x=1:q=1</dt><dd>sets the data export format to XML</dd>
<dt>-noprivate</dt><dd>hides any private data that might exist in the file</dd>
<dt>| gzip</dt><dd>The | is to "pipe" (or push) the data into a compressed file format</dd>
<dt><code>></code></dt><dd>redirects the standard output (the data made by ffprobe about the video)</dd>
<dt><i>input_file</i>.qctools.xml.gz</dt><dd>names the zipped data output file, which can be named anything but needs the extension qctools.xml.gz for compatibility issues</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends QCTools Report (no audio) -->
</div>
<div class="well">
<h4>Test files</h4>
<!-- Mandelbrot -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mandelbrot"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Make a mandelbrot test pattern video">Mandelbrot</button></span>
<div id="mandelbrot" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Makes a mandelbrot test pattern video</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -f lavfi -i mandelbrot=size=1280x720:rate=25 -c:v libx264 -t 10 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the Libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-i mandelbrot=size=1280x720:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the mandelbrot test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-c:v <i>libx264</i></dt><dd>transcodes video from rawvideo to H.264. Set <code>-pix_fmt</code> to <code>yuv420p</code> for greater H.264 compatibility with media players.</dd>
<dt>-t 10</dt><dd>specifies recording time of 10 seconds</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. Try different file extensions such as mkv, mov, mp4, or avi.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Mandelbrot -->
<!-- SMPTE bars -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#smpte_bars"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Make a SMPTE bars test pattern video">SMPTE bars</button></span>
<div id="smpte_bars" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Makes a SMPTE bars test pattern video</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -f lavfi -i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25 -c:v prores -t 10 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the Libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the smptebars test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-c:v <i>prores</i></dt><dd>transcodes video from rawvideo to Apple ProRes 4:2:2.</dd>
<dt>-t 10</dt><dd>specifies recording time of 10 seconds</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. Try different file extensions such as mov or avi.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends SMPTE bars -->
<!-- Test pattern video -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#test"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Make a test pattern video">Test pattern</button></span>
<div id="test" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Make a test pattern video</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -f lavfi -i testsrc=size=720x576:rate=25 -c:v v210 -t 10 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">libavfilter</a> input virtual device</dd>
<dt>-i testsrc=size=720x576:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the testsrc filter pattern as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <br>
The different test patterns that can be generated are listed <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">here</a>.</dd>
<dt>-c:v <i>v210</i></dt><dd>transcodes video from rawvideo to 10-bit Uncompressed YUV 4:2:2. Alter this setting to set your desired codec.</dd>
<dt>-t 10</dt><dd>specifies recording time of 10 seconds</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. Try different file extensions such as mkv, mov, mp4, or avi.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Test pattern video -->
<!-- Play HD SMPTE bars -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#play_hd_smpte"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Test an HD video projector by playing the SMPTE colour bars pattern">Play HD SMPTE bars</button></span>
<div id="play_hd_smpte" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Play HD SMPTE bars</h3>
<p>Test an HD video projector by playing the SMPTE colour bars pattern.</p>
<p><code>ffplay -f lavfi -i smptehdbars=size=1920x1080</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-i smptehdbars=size=1920x1080</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the HD resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE RP 219–2002. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Play HD SMPTE bars -->
<!-- Play VGA SMPTE bars -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#play_vga_smpte"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Test a VGA video projector by playing the SMPTE colour bars pattern">Play VGA SMPTE bars</button></span>
<div id="play_vga_smpte" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Play VGA SMPTE bars</h3>
<p>Test a VGA (SD) video projector by playing the SMPTE colour bars pattern.</p>
<p><code>ffplay -f lavfi -i smptebars=size=640x480</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-i smptebars=size=640x480</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the VGA (SD) resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 1–1990. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Play VGA SMPTE bars -->
<!-- Sine wave -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#sine_wave"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Generate a test audio file playing a sine wave">Sine wave</button></span>
<div id="sine_wave" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Sine wave</h3>
<p>Generate a test audio file playing a sine wave.</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=1000:sample_rate=48000:duration=5" -c:a pcm_s16le <i>output_file</i>.wav</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
<dt>-i "sine=frequency=1000:sample_rate=48000:duration=5"</dt><dd>Sets the signal to 1000 Hz, sampling at 48 kHz, and for 5 seconds</dd>
<dt>-c:a pcm_s16le</dt><dd>encodes the audio codec in <code>pcm_s16le</code> (the default encoding for wav files). pcm represents pulse-code modulation format (raw bytes), <code>16</code> means 16 bits per sample, and <code>le</code> means "little endian"</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i>.wav</dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Sine wave -->
</div>
<div class="well">
<h4>Other</h4>
<!-- Join files together -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#join_files"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Join (concatenate) two or more files into a single file">Join files together</button></span>
<div id="join_files" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Join files together</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -f concat -i mylist.txt -c copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command takes two or more files of the same file type and joins them together to make a single file. All that the program needs is a text file with a list specifying the files that should be joined. However, it only works properly if the files to be combined have the exact same codec and technical specifications. Be careful, ffmpeg may appear to have successfully joined two video files with different codecs, but may only bring over the audio from the second file or have other weird behaviors. Don’t use this command for joining files with different codecs and technical specs and always preview your resulting video file!</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f concat</dt><dd>forces ffmpeg to concatenate the files and to keep the same file format</dd>
<dt>-i <i>mylist.txt</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file. Per the <a href="https://www.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-formats.html#Options" target="_blank">ffmpeg documentation</a>, it is preferable to specify relative rather than absolute file paths, as allowing absolute file paths may pose a security risk.<br>
This text file contains the list of files to be concatenated and should be formatted as follows:
<pre>file '<i>./first_file.ext</i>'
file '<i>./second_file.ext</i>'
. . .
file '<i>./last_file.ext</i>'</pre>
In the above, <b>file</b> is simply the word "file". Straight apostrophes ('like this') rather than curved quotation marks (‘like this’) must be used to enclose the file paths.<br>
<i>Note</i>: If specifying absolute file paths in the .txt file, add <code>-safe 0</code> before the input file.<br>
e.g.: <code>ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i mylist.txt -c copy <i>output_file</i></code></dd>
<dt>-c copy</dt><dd>use stream copy mode to re-mux instead of re-encode</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p>For more information, see the <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Concatenate" target="_blank">ffmpeg wiki page on concatenating files</a>.</p>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Join files together -->
<!-- Play image sequence -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#play_im_seq"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Play an image sequence directly as moving images">Play an image sequence</button></span>
<div id="play_im_seq" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Play an image sequence</h3>
<p>Play an image sequence directly as moving images, without having to create a video first.</p>
<p><code>ffplay -framerate 5 <i>input_file_%06d.ext</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-framerate 5</dt><dd>plays image sequence at rate of 5 images per second<br>
<i>Note</i>: this low framerate will produce a slideshow effect.</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file<br>
This must match the naming convention used! The regex %06d matches six-digit-long numbers, possibly with leading zeroes. This allows the full sequence to be read in ascending order, one image after the other.<br>
The extension for TIFF files is .tif or maybe .tiff; the extension for DPX files is .dpx (or even .cin for old files). Screenshots are often in .png format.</dd>
</dl>
<p><i>Notes:</i></p>
<p>If <code>-framerate</code> is omitted, the playback speed depends on the images’ file sizes and on the computer’s processing power. It may be rather slow for large image files.</p>
<p>You can navigate durationally by clicking within the playback window. Clicking towards the left-hand side of the playback window takes you towards the beginning of the playback sequence; clicking towards the right takes you towards the end of the sequence.</p>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Play image sequence -->
<!-- Split audio and video tracks -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#split_audio_video"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create separate audio and video tracks from an audiovisual file">Split audio and video tracks</button></span>
<div id="split_audio_video" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Split audio and video tracks</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -map <i>0:v video_output_file</i> -map <i>0:a audio_output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command splits the original input file into a video and audio stream. The -map command identifies which streams are mapped to which file. To ensure that you’re mapping the right streams to the right file, run ffprobe before writing the script to identify which streams are desired.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-map <i>0:v:0</i></dt><dd>grabs the first video stream and maps it into:</dd>
<dt><i>video_output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the video output file</dd>
<dt>-map <i>0:a:0</i></dt><dd>grabs the first audio stream and maps it into:</dd>
<dt><i>audio_output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the audio output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Split audio and video tracks -->
<!-- Combine audio tracks -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#combine_audio"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Combine audio tracks">Combine audio tracks</button></span>
<div id="combine_audio" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Combine audio tracks into one in a video file</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter_complex "[0:a:0][0:a:1]amerge[out]" -map 0:v -map "[out]" -c:v copy -shortest <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command combines two audio tracks present in a video file into one stream. It can be useful in situations where a downstream process, like YouTube’s automatic captioning, expect one audio track. To ensure that you’re mapping the right audio tracks run ffprobe before writing the script to identify which tracks are desired. More than two audio streams can be combined by extending the pattern present in the -filter_complex option.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter_complex <i>[0:a:0][0:a:1]amerge[out]</i></dt><dd>combines the two audio tracks into one</dd>
<dt>-map <i>0:v</i></dt><dd>map the video</dd>
<dt>-map <i>"[out]"</i></dt><dd>map the combined audio defined by the filter</dd>
<dt>-c:v <i>copy</i></dt><dd>copy the video</dd>
<dt>-shortest</dt><dd>limit to the shortest stream</dd>
<dt><i>video_output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the video output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Combine audio tracks -->
<!-- Extract audio from an AV file -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#extract_audio"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Extract audio without loss from an AV file">Extract audio</button></span>
<div id="extract_audio" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Extract audio from an AV file</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:a copy -vn <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command extracts the audio stream without loss from an audiovisual file.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec</dd>
<dt>-vn</dt><dd>no video stream</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Extract audio from am AV file -->
<!-- Flip image -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#flip_image"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Flip the image">Flip image</button></span>
<div id="flip_image" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Flip the video image horizontally and/or vertically</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "hflip,vflip" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter:v "hflip,vflip"</dt><dd>flips the image horizontally and vertically<br>By using only one of the parameters hflip or vflip for filtering the image is flipped on that axis only. The quote marks are not mandatory.</dd>
<dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Filp image -->
<!-- Modify speed -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modify_speed"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Modify image and sound speed">Modify speed</button></span>
<div id="modify_speed" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Modify image and sound speed</h3>
<p>E.g. for converting 24fps to 25fps with audio pitch compensation for PAL access copies. (Thanks @kieranjol!)</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter_complex "[0:v]setpts=<i>input_fps</i>/<i>output_fps</i>*PTS[v]; [0:a]atempo=<i>output_fps</i>/<i>input_fps</i>[a]" -map "[v]" -map "[a]" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter_complex "[0:v]setpts=<i>input_fps</i>/<i>output_fps</i>*PTS[v]; [0:a]atempo=<i>output_fps</i>/<i>input_fps</i>[a]"</dt><dd>A complex filter is needed here, in order to handle video stream and the audio stream separately. The <code>setpts</code> video filter modifies the PTS (presentation time stamp) of the video stream, and the <code>atempo</code> audio filter modifies the speed of the audio stream while keeping the same sound pitch. Note that the parameter’s order for the image and for the sound are inverted:
<ul>
<li>In the video filter <code>setpts</code> the numerator <code>input_fps</code> sets the input speed and the denominator <code>output_fps</code> sets the output speed; both values are given in frames per second.</li>
<li>In the sound filter <code>atempo</code> the numerator <code>output_fps</code> sets the output speed and the denominator <code>input_fps</code> sets the input speed; both values are given in frames per second.</li>
</ul>
The different filters in a complex filter can be divided either by comma or semicolon. The quotation marks allow to insert a space between the filters for readability.</dd>
<dt>-map "[v]"</dt><dd>maps the video stream and:</dd>
<dt>-map "[a]"</dt><dd>maps the audio stream together into:</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Modify speed -->
<!-- Text Watermark -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#text_watermark"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create opaque centered text watermark ">Text Watermark</button></span>
<div id="text_watermark" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Create centered, transparent text watermark</h3>
<p>E.g For creating access copies with your institutions name</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -vf drawtext="fontfile=<i>font_path</i>:fontsize=<i>font_size</i>:text=<i>watermark_text</i>:fontcolor=<i>font_colour</i>:alpha=0.4:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-vf drawtext=</dt><dd>This calls the drawtext filter with the following options:
<dl>
<dt>fontfile=<i>font_path</i></dt><dd> Set path to font. For example in macOS: <code>fontfile=/Library/Fonts/AppleGothic.ttf</code></dd>
<dt>fontsize=<i>font_size</i></dt><dd> Set font size. <code>35</code> is a good starting point for SD. Ideally this value is proportional to video size, for example use ffprobe to acquire video height and divide by 14.</dd>
<dt>text=<i>watermark_text</i> </dt><dd> Set the content of your watermark text. For example: <code>text='FFMPROVISR EXAMPLE TEXT'</code></dd>
<dt>fontcolor=<i>font_colour</i> </dt><dd> Set colour of font. Can be a text string such as <code>fontcolor=white</code> or a hexadecimal value such as <code>fontcolor=0xFFFFFF</code></dd>
<dt>alpha=0.4</dt><dd> Set transparency value.</dd>
<dt>x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2</dt><dd> Sets <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> coordinates for the watermark. These relative values will centre your watermark regardless of video dimensions.</dd>
</dl>
Note: <code>-vf</code> is a shortcut for <code>-filter:v</code>.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Text watermark -->
<!-- Transparent Image Watermark -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#image_watermark"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Overlay image watermark">Overlay image watermark on video</button></span>
<div id="image_watermark" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="well">
<h3>Overlay image watermark on video</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_video file</i> -i <i>input_image_file</i> -filter_complex overlay=main_w-overlay_w-5:5 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_video_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input video file</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_image_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the image file</dd>
<dt>-filter_complex overlay=main_w-overlay_w-5:5</dt><dd>This calls the overlay filter and sets x and y coordinates for the position of the watermark on the video. Instead of hardcoding specific x and y coordinates, <code>main_w-overlay_w-5:5</code> uses relative coordinates to place the watermark in the upper right hand corner, based on the width of your input files. Please see the <a href="https://www.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-all.html#toc-Examples-102" target="_blank">ffmpeg documentation for more examples.</a></dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Image Watermark -->
<!-- Burn in timecode-->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#burn_in_timecode"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Burn in timecode ">Burn in timecode</button></span>
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<div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
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<h3>Create a burnt in timecode on your image</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -vf drawtext="fontfile=<i>font_path</i>:fontsize=<i>font_size</i>:timecode=<i>starting_timecode</i>:fontcolor=<i>font_colour</i>:box=1 :boxcolor=<i>box_colour</i>:rate=<i>timecode_rate</i>:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h/1.2" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-vf drawtext=</dt><dd>This calls the drawtext filter with the following options:
<dl>
<dt>fontfile=<i>font_path</i></dt><dd> Set path to font. For example in macOS: <code>fontfile=/Library/Fonts/AppleGothic.ttf</code></dd>
<dt>fontsize=<i>font_size</i></dt><dd> Set font size. <code>35</code> is a good starting point for SD. Ideally this value is proportional to video size, for example use ffprobe to acquire video height and divide by 14.</dd>
<dt>timecode=<i>starting_timecode</i> </dt><dd> Set the timecode to be displayed for the first frame. Timecode is to be represented as <code>hh:mm:ss[:;.]ff</code>. Colon escaping is determined by O.S, for example in Ubuntu <code>timecode='09\\:50\\:01\\:23'</code>. Ideally, this value would be generated from the file itself using ffprobe.</dd>
<dt>fontcolor=<i>font_colour</i> </dt><dd> Set colour of font. Can be a text string such as <code>fontcolor=white</code> or a hexadecimal value such as <code>fontcolor=0xFFFFFF</code></dd>
<dt>box=1</dt><dd> Enable box around timecode</dd>
<dt>boxcolor=<i>box_colour</i></dt><dd> Set colour of box. Can be a text string such as <code>fontcolor=black</code> or a hexadecimal value such as <code>fontcolor=0x000000</code></dd>
<dt>rate=<i>timecode_rate</i></dt><dd> Framerate of video. For example <code>25/1</code></dd>
<dt>x=(w-text_w)/2:y=h/1.2</dt><dd> Sets <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> coordinates for the timecode. These relative values will horizontally centre your timecode in the bottom third regardless of video dimensions.</dd>
</dl>
Note: <code>-vf</code> is a shortcut for <code>-filter:v</code>.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Burn in timecode -->
<!-- Images to video -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#images_2_video"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode an image sequence into uncompressed 10-bit video">Image sequence into video</button></span>
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<h3>Transcode an image sequence into uncompressed 10-bit video</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 24 -i <i>input_file_%06d.ext</i> -c:v v210 -an <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-f image2</dt><dd>forces the image file de-muxer for single image files</dd>
<dt>-framerate 24</dt><dd>Sets the input framerate to 24 fps. The image2 demuxer defaults to 25 fps.</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file<br>
This must match the naming convention actually used! The regex %06d matches six digits long numbers, possibly with leading zeroes. This allows to read in ascending order, one image after the other, the full sequence inside one folder. For image sequences starting with 086400 (i.e. captured with a timecode starting at 01:00:00:00 and at 24 fps), add the flag <code>-start_number 086400</code> before <code>-i input_file_%06d.ext</code>. The extension for TIFF files is .tif or maybe .tiff; the extension for DPX files is .dpx (or eventually .cin for old files).</dd>
<dt>-c:v v210</dt><dd>encodes an uncompressed 10-bit video stream</dd>
<dt>-an copy</dt><dd>no audio</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Images to video -->
<!-- Create video from image and audio -->
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<h3>Create a video from an image and audio file.</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -r 1 -loop 1 -i <i>image_file</i> -i <i>audio_file</i> -acodec copy -shortest -vf scale=1280:720 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<p>This command will take an image file (e.g. image.jpg) and an audio file (e.g. audio.mp3) and combine them into a video file that contains the audio track with the image used as the video. It can be useful in a situation where you might want to upload an audio file to a platform like YouTube. You may want to adjust the scaling with -vf to suit your needs.</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-r <i>1</i></dt><dd>set the framerate</dd>
<dt>-loop <i>1</i></dt><dd>loop the first input stream</dd>
<dt>-i <i>image_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the image file</dd>
<dt>-i <i>audio_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the audio file</dd>
<dt>-acodec <i>copy</i></dt><dd>copy the audio. -acodec is an alias for -c:a</dd>
<dt>-shortest</dt><dd>finish encoding when the shortest input stream ends</dd>
<dt>-vf <i>scale=1280:720</i></dt><dd>filter the video to scale it to 1280x720 for YouTube. -vf is an alias for -filter:v</dd>
<dt><i>video_output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the video output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Create video from image and audio -->
<!-- Set field order -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#set_field_order"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Set field order for interlaced video">Set field order</button></span>
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<h3>Change field order of an interlaced video</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v prores -filter:v setfield=tff <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-filter:v <i>setfield=tff</i></dt><dd>Sets the field order to top field first. Use <code>setfield=bff</code> for bottom field first.</dd>
<dt>-c:v prores</dt><dd>Tells ffmpeg to transcode the video stream into Apple ProRes 422. Experiment with using other codecs.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Set field order -->
<!-- Make stream properties explicate -->
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<h3>Set stream properties</h3>
<h4>Find undetermined or unknown stream properties</h4>
<p>These examples use QuickTime inputs and outputs. The strategy will vary or may not be possible in other file formats. In the case of these examples it is the intention to make a lossless copy while clarifying an unknown characteristic of the stream.</p>
<p><code>ffprobe <i>input_file</i> -show_streams</code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffprobe</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt><i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-show_streams</dt><dd>Shows metadata of stream properties</dd>
</dl>
<p>Values that are set to 'unknown' and 'undetermined' may be unspecified within the stream. An unknown aspect ratio would be expressed as '0:1'. Streams with many unknown properties may have interoperability issues or not play as intended. In many cases, an unknown or undetermined value may be accurate because the information about the source is unclear, but often the value is intended to be known. In many cases the stream will played with an assumed value if undetermined (for instance a display_aspect_ratio of '0:1' may be played as 'WIDTH:HEIGHT'), but this may or may not be what is intended. Use carefully.</p>
<h4>Set aspect ratio</h4>
<p>If the display_aspect_ratio is set to '0:1' it may be clarified with the <i>-aspect</i> option and stream copy.</p>
<p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c copy -map 0 -aspect DAR_NUM:DAR_DEN <i>output_file</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>-c copy</dt><dd>Usings stream copy for all streams</dd>
<dt>-map 0</dt><dd>Tells ffmpeg to map all streams of the input to the output.</dd>
<dt>-aspect DAR_NUM:DAR_DEN</dt><dd>Replace DAR_NUM with the display aspect ratio numerator and DAR_DEN with the display aspect ratio denominator, such as <i>-aspect 4:3</i> or <i>-aspect 16:9</i>.</dd>
<dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<h4>Adding other stream properties.</h4>
<p>Other properties may be clarified in a similar way. Replace <i>-aspect</i> and its value with other properties such as shown in the options below. Note that setting color values in QuickTime requires that <i>-movflags write_colr</i> is set.</p>
<dl>
<dt>-color_primary <i>VALUE</i> -movflags write_colr</dt><dd>Set a new color_primary value. The vocabulary for values is at <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-all.html" target="_blank">ffmpeg</a>.</dd>
<dt>-color_trc <i>VALUE</i> -movflags write_colr</dt><dd>Set a new color_transfer value. The vocabulary for values is at <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-all.html" target="_blank">ffmpeg</a>.</dd>
<dt>-field_order <i>VALUE</i></dt><dd>Set interlacement values. The vocabulary for values is at <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-all.html" target="_blank">ffmpeg</a>.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends Make stream properties explicate -->
<!-- View Format Info -->
<span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#view_format_info"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="View format information">View format information</button></span>
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<h3>View information about a specific format</h3>
<p><code>ffmpeg -h <i>type=name</i></code></p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-h</dt><dd>Call the help option</dd>
<dt>type=name</dt>
<dd>Tells ffmpeg which kind of option you want, for example:
<ul>
<li><code>encoder=libx264</code></li>
<li><code>decoder=mp3</code></li>
<li><code>muxer=matroska</code></li>
<li><code>demuxer=mov</code></li>
<li><code>filter=crop</code></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- ends View Format info -->
</div><!-- closes the well -->
<!-- sample example -->
<!-- <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#*****unique name*****"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="*****Hover-over description*****">*****Small title****</button></span>
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<h3>*****Longer title*****</h3>
<p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> *****code goes here***** <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
<p>This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info! This is all about info!</p>
<dl>
<dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
<dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
<dt>*****parameter*****</dt><dd>*****comments*****</dd>
<dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
</dl>
<p class="link"></p>
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<!-- ends sample example -->
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