HTML cleanup

before new release

index.html

@@ -43,58 +43,42 @@
     <h3>What do you want to do?</h3>
     <h6>Select from the following.</h6>
   </div>
-  <div class="well"><h4>Change formats</h4>
 
-  <!-- WAV to MP3 -->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to MP3">WAV to MP3</button></span>
-  <div id="wav_to_mp3" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+  <div class="well">
+  <h4>Change container (rewrap)</h4>
+
+  <!-- MKV to MP4 -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mkv_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert Matroska (MKV) to MP4">MKV to MP4</button></span>
+  <div id="mkv_to_mp4" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
     <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
       <div class="modal-content">
         <div class="well">
-          <h3>WAV to MP3</h3>
-          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -write_id3v1 1 -id3v2_version 3 -dither_method modified_e_weighted -out_sample_rate 48k -qscale:a 1 <i>output_file</i>.mp3</code></p>
-          <p>This will convert your WAV files to MP3s.</p>
+          <h3>MKV to MP4</h3>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.mkv -c:v copy -c:a aac <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
+          <p>This will convert your Matroska (MKV) files to MP4 files.</p>
           <dl>
             <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
-            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
-            <dt>-write_id3v1 <i>1</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v1 tag. This will add metadata to the old MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
-            <dt>-id3v2_version <i>3</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v2 tag. This will add metadata to a newer MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
-            <dt>-dither_method <i>modified_e_weighted</i></dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
-            <dt>-out_sample_rate <i>48k</i></dt><dd>Sets the audio sampling frequency to 48 kHz. This can be omitted to use the same sampling frequency as the input.</dd>
-            <dt>-qscale:a <i>1</i></dt><dd>This sets the encoder to use a constant quality with a variable bitrate of between 190-250kbit/s. If you would prefer to use a constant bitrate, this could be replaced with <code>-b:a 320k</code> to set to the maximum bitrate allowed by the MP3 format. For more detailed discussion on variable vs constant bitrates see <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/MP3" target="_blank">here.</a></dd>
-            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
+            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file<br>
+            The extension for the Matroska container is <code>.mkv</code>.</dd>
+            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same video codec</dd>
+            <dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>re-encodes using the AAC audio codec<br>
+            Note that sadly MP4 cannot contain sound encoded by a PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation) audio codec.<br>
+            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a aac</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file<br>
+            The extension for the MP4 container is <code>.mp4</code>.</dd>
           </dl>
           <p class="link"></p>
         </div>
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
-  <!-- ends WAV to MP3 -->
+  <!-- ends MKV to MP4 -->
+
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends well -->
 
-  <!-- WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to AAC/MP4">WAV to AAC/MP4</button></span>
-  <div id="wav_to_mp4" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
-    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
-      <div class="modal-content">
   <div class="well">
-          <h3>WAV to AAC/MP4</h3>
-          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -c:a aac -b:a 128k -dither_method modified_e_weighted -ar 44100 <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
-          <p>This will convert your WAV file to AAC/MP4.</p>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
-            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
-            <dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>sets the audio codec to AAC</dd>
-            <dt>-b:a 128k</dt><dd>sets the bitrate of the audio to 128k</dd>
-            <dt>-dither_method modified_e_weighted</dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
-            <dt>-ar 44100</dt><dd>sets the audio sampling frequency to 44100 Hz, or 44.1 kHz, or “CD quality”</dd>
-            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
-          </dl>
-          <p class="link"></p>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- ends WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
+  <h4>Change codec (transcode)</h4>
 
   <!-- Transcode to ProRes -->
   <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#to_prores"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode to deinterlaced Apple ProRes LT">Transcode to ProRes</button></span>
@@ -198,106 +182,6 @@
   </div>
   <!-- ends H.264 from DCP -->
 
-  <!-- NTSC to H.264 -->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#ntsc_to_h264"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Upscaled, pillar-boxed HD H.264 access files from SD NTSC source">NTSC to H.264</button></span>
-  <div id="ntsc_to_h264" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
-    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
-      <div class="modal-content">
-        <div class="well">
-          <h3>Upscaled, Pillar-boxed HD H.264 Access Files from SD NTSC source</h3>
-          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -filter:v "yadif,scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,format=yuv420p" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>Calls the program ffmpeg</dd>
-            <dt>-i</dt><dd>for input video file and audio file</dd>
-            <dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>encodes video stream with libx264 (h264)</dd>
-            <dt>-filter:v</dt><dd>calls an option to apply filtering to the video stream. yadif deinterlaces. scale and pad do the math! resizes the video frame then pads the area around the 4:3 aspect to complete 16:9. flags=lanczos uses the Lanczos scaling algorithm which is slower but better than the default bilinear. Finally, format specifies a pixel format of YUV 4:2:0. The very same scaling filter also downscales a bigger image size into HD.</dd>
-            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
-          </dl>
-          <p class="link"></p>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- ends NTSC to H.264 -->
-
-  <!-- 4:3 to 16:9 -->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox">4:3 to 16:9</button></span>
-  <div id="SD_HD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
-    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
-      <div class="modal-content">
-        <div class="well">
-          <h3>Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox</h3>
-          <p>Transform a video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into a video file with 16:9 aspect ration by correct pillarboxing.</p>
-          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
-            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
-            <dt>-filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 16:9 by pillarboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
-            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
-            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
-            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
-          </dl>
-          <p class="link"></p>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- ends 4:3 to 16:9 -->
-
-  <!-- SD to HD -->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD_2"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform SD to HD with pillarbox">SD to HD</button></span>
-  <div id="SD_HD_2" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
-    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
-      <div class="modal-content">
-        <div class="well">
-          <h3>Transform SD into HD with pillarbox</h3>
-          <p>Transform a SD video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into an HD video file with 16:9 aspect ratio by correct pillarboxing.</p>
-          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
-            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
-            <dt>-filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0"</dt><dd>set colour matrix, video scaling and padding<br>Three filters are applied:
-              <ol>
-                <li>The luma coefficients are modified from SD video (according to Rec. 601) to HD video (according to Rec. 709) by a colour matrix. Note that today Rec. 709 is often used also for SD and therefore you may cancel this parameter.</li>
-                <li>The scaling filter (<code>scale=1440:1080</code>) works for both upscaling and downscaling. We use the Lanczos scaling algorithm (<code>flags=lanczos</code>), which is slower but gives better results than the default bilinear algorithm.</li>
-                <li>The padding filter (<code>pad=1920:1080:240:0</code>) completes the transformation from SD to HD.</li>
-              </ol></dd>
-            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
-            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> with <code>-an</code>.</dd>
-            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
-          </dl>
-          <p class="link"></p>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- ends SD to HD -->
-
-  <!-- 16:9 to 4:3 -->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#HD_SD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox">16:9 to 4:3</button></span>
-  <div id="HD_SD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
-    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
-      <div class="modal-content">
-        <div class="well">
-          <h3>Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox</h3>
-          <p>Transform a video file with 16:9 aspect ratio into a video file with 4:3 aspect ration by correct letterboxing.</p>
-          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
-            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
-            <dt>-filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>
-            This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 4:3 by letterboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
-            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
-            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
-            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
-          </dl>
-          <p class="link"></p>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- ends 16:9 to 4:3 -->
-
   <!-- Transcode to FFV1.mkv -->
   <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_FFV1_mkv"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode your file with the FFV1 Version 3 Codec in a Matroska container">Create FFV1.mkv</button></span>
   <div id="create_FFV1_mkv" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
@@ -330,55 +214,6 @@
   </div>
   <!-- ends Transcode to FFV1.mkv-->
 
-  <!-- Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video-->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#change_DAR"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding">Change Display Aspect Ratio</button></span>
-  <div id="change_DAR" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
-    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
-      <div class="modal-content">
-        <div class="well">
-          <h3>Change Display Aspect Ratio without reencoding video</h3>
-          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v copy -aspect 4:3 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
-            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
-            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>Copy all mapped video streams.</dd>
-            <dt>-aspect 4:3</dt><dd>Change Display Aspect Ratio to <code>4:3</code>. Experiment with other aspect ratios such as <code>16:9</code>. If used together with <code>-c:v copy</code>, it will affect the aspect ratio stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in encoded frames, if it exists.</dd>
-            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
-          </dl>
-          <p class="link"></p>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- ends Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video -->
-
-  <!-- MKV to MP4 -->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mkv_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert Matroska (MKV) to MP4">MKV to MP4</button></span>
-  <div id="mkv_to_mp4" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
-    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
-      <div class="modal-content">
-        <div class="well">
-          <h3>MKV to MP4</h3>
-          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.mkv -c:v copy -c:a aac <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
-          <p>This will convert your Matroska (MKV) files to MP4 files.</p>
-          <dl>
-            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
-            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file<br>
-            The extension for the Matroska container is <code>.mkv</code>.</dd>
-            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same video codec</dd>
-            <dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>re-encodes using the AAC audio codec<br>
-            Note that sadly MP4 cannot contain sound encoded by a PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation) audio codec.<br>
-            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a aac</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
-            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file<br>
-            The extension for the MP4 container is <code>.mp4</code>.</dd>
-          </dl>
-          <p class="link"></p>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-  <!-- ends MKV to MP4 -->
-
   <!-- Images to GIF -->
   <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#img_to_gif"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Converts images to GIF">Images to GIF</button></span>
   <div id="img_to_gif" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
@@ -476,6 +311,188 @@
   </div>
   <!-- ends Transcode to H.265 -->
 
+  <p>&nbsp;</p>
+  <!-- Here comes audio-only transcoding -->
+
+  <!-- WAV to MP3 -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to MP3">WAV to MP3</button></span>
+  <div id="wav_to_mp3" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>WAV to MP3</h3>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -write_id3v1 1 -id3v2_version 3 -dither_method modified_e_weighted -out_sample_rate 48k -qscale:a 1 <i>output_file</i>.mp3</code></p>
+          <p>This will convert your WAV files to MP3s.</p>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
+            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
+            <dt>-write_id3v1 <i>1</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v1 tag. This will add metadata to the old MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
+            <dt>-id3v2_version <i>3</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v2 tag. This will add metadata to a newer MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
+            <dt>-dither_method <i>modified_e_weighted</i></dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
+            <dt>-out_sample_rate <i>48k</i></dt><dd>Sets the audio sampling frequency to 48 kHz. This can be omitted to use the same sampling frequency as the input.</dd>
+            <dt>-qscale:a <i>1</i></dt><dd>This sets the encoder to use a constant quality with a variable bitrate of between 190-250kbit/s. If you would prefer to use a constant bitrate, this could be replaced with <code>-b:a 320k</code> to set to the maximum bitrate allowed by the MP3 format. For more detailed discussion on variable vs constant bitrates see <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/MP3" target="_blank">here.</a></dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends WAV to MP3 -->
+
+  <!-- WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to AAC/MP4">WAV to AAC/MP4</button></span>
+  <div id="wav_to_mp4" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>WAV to AAC/MP4</h3>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -c:a aac -b:a 128k -dither_method modified_e_weighted -ar 44100 <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
+          <p>This will convert your WAV file to AAC/MP4.</p>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
+            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
+            <dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>sets the audio codec to AAC</dd>
+            <dt>-b:a 128k</dt><dd>sets the bitrate of the audio to 128k</dd>
+            <dt>-dither_method modified_e_weighted</dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
+            <dt>-ar 44100</dt><dd>sets the audio sampling frequency to 44100 Hz, or 44.1 kHz, or “CD quality”</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
+
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends well -->
+
+  <div class="well">
+  <h4>Change formats</h4>
+
+  <!-- NTSC to H.264 -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#ntsc_to_h264"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Upscaled, pillar-boxed HD H.264 access files from SD NTSC source">NTSC to H.264</button></span>
+  <div id="ntsc_to_h264" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>Upscaled, Pillar-boxed HD H.264 Access Files from SD NTSC source</h3>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -filter:v "yadif,scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,format=yuv420p" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>Calls the program ffmpeg</dd>
+            <dt>-i</dt><dd>for input video file and audio file</dd>
+            <dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>encodes video stream with libx264 (h264)</dd>
+            <dt>-filter:v</dt><dd>calls an option to apply filtering to the video stream. yadif deinterlaces. scale and pad do the math! resizes the video frame then pads the area around the 4:3 aspect to complete 16:9. flags=lanczos uses the Lanczos scaling algorithm which is slower but better than the default bilinear. Finally, format specifies a pixel format of YUV 4:2:0. The very same scaling filter also downscales a bigger image size into HD.</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends NTSC to H.264 -->
+
+  <!-- 4:3 to 16:9 -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox">4:3 to 16:9</button></span>
+  <div id="SD_HD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox</h3>
+          <p>Transform a video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into a video file with 16:9 aspect ration by correct pillarboxing.</p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
+            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
+            <dt>-filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 16:9 by pillarboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
+            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
+            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends 4:3 to 16:9 -->
+
+  <!-- 16:9 to 4:3 -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#HD_SD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox">16:9 to 4:3</button></span>
+  <div id="HD_SD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox</h3>
+          <p>Transform a video file with 16:9 aspect ratio into a video file with 4:3 aspect ration by correct letterboxing.</p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
+            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
+            <dt>-filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>
+            This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 4:3 by letterboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
+            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
+            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends 16:9 to 4:3 -->
+
+  <!-- SD to HD -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD_2"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform SD to HD with pillarbox">SD to HD</button></span>
+  <div id="SD_HD_2" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>Transform SD into HD with pillarbox</h3>
+          <p>Transform a SD video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into an HD video file with 16:9 aspect ratio by correct pillarboxing.</p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
+            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
+            <dt>-filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0"</dt><dd>set colour matrix, video scaling and padding<br>Three filters are applied:
+              <ol>
+                <li>The luma coefficients are modified from SD video (according to Rec. 601) to HD video (according to Rec. 709) by a colour matrix. Note that today Rec. 709 is often used also for SD and therefore you may cancel this parameter.</li>
+                <li>The scaling filter (<code>scale=1440:1080</code>) works for both upscaling and downscaling. We use the Lanczos scaling algorithm (<code>flags=lanczos</code>), which is slower but gives better results than the default bilinear algorithm.</li>
+                <li>The padding filter (<code>pad=1920:1080:240:0</code>) completes the transformation from SD to HD.</li>
+              </ol></dd>
+            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
+            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> with <code>-an</code>.</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends SD to HD -->
+
+  <!-- Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video-->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#change_DAR"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding">Change Display Aspect Ratio</button></span>
+  <div id="change_DAR" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>Change Display Aspect Ratio without reencoding video</h3>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v copy -aspect 4:3 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
+            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
+            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>Copy all mapped video streams.</dd>
+            <dt>-aspect 4:3</dt><dd>Change Display Aspect Ratio to <code>4:3</code>. Experiment with other aspect ratios such as <code>16:9</code>. If used together with <code>-c:v copy</code>, it will affect the aspect ratio stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in encoded frames, if it exists.</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video -->
+
   <!-- Deinterlace video -->
   <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#deinterlace"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Deinterlace video">Deinterlace video</button></span>
   <div id="deinterlace" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
@@ -483,7 +500,7 @@
       <div class="modal-content">
         <div class="well">
           <h3>Deinterlace a video</h3>
-          <p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf "yadif,format=yuv420p" <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf "yadif,format=yuv420p" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
           <p>This command takes an interlaced input file and outputs a deinterlaced H.264 MP4.</p>
           <dl>
             <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
@@ -524,7 +541,7 @@
         <div class="well">
           <h3>Transcode video to a different colourspace</h3>
           <p>This command uses a filter to convert the video to a different colour space.</p>
-          <p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=src:dst <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=src:dst <i>output_file</i></code></p>
           <dl>
             <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
             <dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
@@ -537,7 +554,7 @@
           <p><b>Note</b>: Converting between colourspaces with ffmpeg can be done via either the <b>colormatrix</b> or <b>colorspace</b> filters, with colorspace allowing finer control (individual setting of colourspace, transfer characteristics, primaries, range, pixel format, etc). See <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/colorspace" target="_blank">this</a> entry on the ffmpeg wiki, and the ffmpeg documentation for <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#colormatrix" target="_blank">colormatrix</a> and <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#colorspace" target="_blank">colorspace</a>.</p>
           <hr>
           <h4>Convert colourspace and embed colourspace metadata</h4>
-          <p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=src:dst -color_primaries <i>val</i> -color_trc <i>val</i> -colorspace <i>val</i> <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=src:dst -color_primaries <i>val</i> -color_trc <i>val</i> -colorspace <i>val</i> <i>output_file</i></code></p>
           <dl>
             <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
             <dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
@@ -553,11 +570,11 @@
           </dl>
           <h5>Examples</h5>
           <p>To Rec.601 (525-line/NTSC):</p>
-          <p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=bt709:smpte170m -color_primaries smpte170m -color_trc smpte170m -colorspace smpte170m <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=bt709:smpte170m -color_primaries smpte170m -color_trc smpte170m -colorspace smpte170m <i>output_file</i></code></p>
           <p>To Rec.601 (625-line/PAL):</p>
-          <p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=bt709:bt470bg -color_primaries bt470bg -color_trc gamma28 -colorspace bt470bg <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=bt709:bt470bg -color_primaries bt470bg -color_trc gamma28 -colorspace bt470bg <i>output_file</i></code></p>
           <p>To Rec.709:</p>
-          <p> <code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=bt601:bt709 -color_primaries bt709 -color_trc bt709 -colorspace bt709 <i>output_file</i></code> </p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf colormatrix=bt601:bt709 -color_primaries bt709 -color_trc bt709 -colorspace bt709 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
           <p>MediaInfo output examples:</p>
           <img src="./img/colourspace_metadata_mediainfo.png" alt="MediaInfo screenshots of colourspace metadata"><br>
           <p><span class="beware">⚠</span> Using this command it is possible to add Rec.709 tags to a file that is actually Rec.601 (etc), so apply with caution!</p>
@@ -593,7 +610,7 @@
             <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#decimate-1">Decimate</a> deletes duplicated frames.</dd>
             <dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
           </dl>
-          <p> <code>"fieldmatch,yadif,decimate"</code> is an ffmpeg <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/FilteringGuide#FiltergraphChainFilterrelationship" target="_blank">filtergraph</a>. Here the filtergraph is made up of one filter chain, which is itself made up of the three filters (separated by commas).<br>
+          <p><code>"fieldmatch,yadif,decimate"</code> is an ffmpeg <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/FilteringGuide#FiltergraphChainFilterrelationship" target="_blank">filtergraph</a>. Here the filtergraph is made up of one filter chain, which is itself made up of the three filters (separated by commas).<br>
           The enclosing quote marks are necessary when you use spaces within the filtergraph, e.g. <code>-vf "fieldmatch, yadif, decimate"</code>, and are included above as an example of good practice.</p>
           <p>Note that if applying an inverse telecine procedure to a 29.97i file, the output framerate will actually be 23.976fps.</p>
           <p>This command can also be used to restore other framerates.</p>
@@ -700,10 +717,6 @@
             <dt>fontcolor=white</dt><dd>specifies font color as white</dd>
             <dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to close filter command</dd>
           </dl>
-            <div class="sample-image">
-              <!-- <h4>Example of filter output</h4> -->
-              <!-- <img src="" alt="ocr example"> -->
-            </div>
           <p class="link"></p>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -727,10 +740,6 @@
             <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">Libavfilter input virtual device</a></dd>
             <dt>-i "movie=<i>input_file</i>,ocr"</dt><dd>declares 'movie' as <i>input_file</i> and passes in the 'ocr' command</dd>
           </dl>
-            <div class="sample-image">
-              <!-- <h4>Example of filter output</h4> -->
-              <!-- <img src="" alt="Exports OCR example"> -->
-            </div>
           <p class="link"></p>
         </div>
       </div>
@@ -827,8 +836,7 @@
           </dl>
           <p>The second command has a slightly different filtergraph, which breaks down as follows:</p>
           <dl>
-            <dt>-filter_complex "[0:v]fps=10,scale=500:-1:flags=lanczos[v],[v][1:v]paletteuse"</dt><dd>
-              <code>[0:v]fps=10,scale=500:-1:flags=lanczos[v]</code>: applies the fps and scale filters described above to the first input file (the video).<br>
+            <dt>-filter_complex "[0:v]fps=10,scale=500:-1:flags=lanczos[v],[v][1:v]paletteuse"</dt><dd><code>[0:v]fps=10,scale=500:-1:flags=lanczos[v]</code>: applies the fps and scale filters described above to the first input file (the video).<br>
             <code>[v][1:v]paletteuse"</code>: applies the <code>paletteuse</code> filter, setting the second input file (the palette) as the reference file.</dd>
           </dl>
           <p>Simpler GIF creation</p>
@@ -1149,12 +1157,12 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
   <!-- ends batch processing (Windows) -->
 
   <!-- Create frame md5s -->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_frame_md5s"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create an MD5 checksum per video frame">Create MD5 checksums</button></span>
-  <div id="create_frame_md5s" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_frame_md5s_v"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create an MD5 checksum per video frame">Create MD5 checksums (video frames)</button></span>
+  <div id="create_frame_md5s_v" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
     <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
       <div class="modal-content">
         <div class="well">
-          <h3>Create MD5 checksums</h3>
+          <h3>Create MD5 checksums (video frames)</h3>
           <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -f framemd5 -an <i>output_file</i></code></p>
           <p>This will create an MD5 checksum per video frame.</p>
           <dl>
@@ -1172,6 +1180,35 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
   </div>
   <!-- ends Create frame md5s -->
 
+  <!-- Create frame md5s (audio) -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_frame_md5s_a"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create MD5 checksums for audio samples">Create MD5 checksums (audio samples)</button></span>
+  <div id="create_frame_md5s_a" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>Create MD5 checksums (audio samples)</h3>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter_complex "asetnsamples=<i>n=48000</i>" -f framemd5 -vn <i>output_file</i></code></p>
+          <p>This will create an MD5 checksum for each group of 48000 audio samples.<br> The number of samples per group can be set arbitrarily, but it's good practice to match the samplerate of the media file (so you will get one checksum per second).</p>
+          <p>Examples for other samplerates:</p>
+          <ul>
+            <li>44.1 kHz: "asetnsamples=n=44100"</li>
+            <li>96 kHz: "asetnsamples=n=96000"</li>
+          </ul>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
+            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
+            <dt>-f framemd5</dt><dd>library used to calculate the MD5 checksums</dd>
+            <dt>-vn</dt><dd>ignores the video stream (video no)</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p>You may verify an MD5 checksum file created this way by using a <a href="check_framemd5.sh" target="_blank">Bash script</a>.</p>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends Create frame md5s (audio) -->
+
   <!-- Pull specs -->
   <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#pull_specs"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Pull specs from video file">Pull specs</button></span>
   <div id="pull_specs" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
@@ -1229,13 +1266,12 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
         <div class="well">
           <h3>Check video file interlacement patterns</h3>
           <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input file</i> -filter:v idet -f null -</code></p>
-          <p></p>
           <dl>
             <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
             <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
             <dt>-filter:v idet</dt><dd>This calls the <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#idet" target="_blank">idet (detect video interlacing type) filter</a>.</dd>
             <dt>-f null</dt><dd>Video is decoded with the <code>null</code> muxer. This allows video decoding without creating an output file.</dd>
-            <dt>-</dt><dd>FFmpeg syntax requires a specified output, and <code>-</code> is just a place holder. No file is actually created. </dd>
+            <dt>-</dt><dd>FFmpeg syntax requires a specified output, and <code>-</code> is just a place holder. No file is actually created.</dd>
           </dl>
           <p class="link"></p>
         </div>
@@ -1319,7 +1355,7 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
           <dl>
             <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
             <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the Libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
-            <dt>-i mandelbrot=size=1280x720:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the mandelbrot test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt>-i mandelbrot=size=1280x720:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the mandelbrot test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
             <dt>-c:v <i>libx264</i></dt><dd>transcodes video from rawvideo to H.264. Set <code>-pix_fmt</code> to <code>yuv420p</code> for greater H.264 compatibility with media players.</dd>
             <dt>-t 10</dt><dd>specifies recording time of 10 seconds</dd>
             <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. Try different file extensions such as mkv, mov, mp4, or avi.</dd>
@@ -1342,7 +1378,7 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
           <dl>
             <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
             <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the Libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
-            <dt>-i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the smptebars test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt>-i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the smptebars test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
             <dt>-c:v <i>prores</i></dt><dd>transcodes video from rawvideo to Apple ProRes 4:2:2.</dd>
             <dt>-t 10</dt><dd>specifies recording time of 10 seconds</dd>
             <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. Try different file extensions such as mov or avi.</dd>
@@ -1390,7 +1426,7 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
           <dl>
             <dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
             <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
-            <dt>-i smptehdbars=size=1920x1080</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the HD resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE RP 219–2002. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt>-i smptehdbars=size=1920x1080</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the HD resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE RP 219–2002. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
           </dl>
           <p class="link"></p>
         </div>
@@ -1411,7 +1447,7 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
           <dl>
             <dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
             <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
-            <dt>-i smptebars=size=640x480</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the VGA (SD) resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 1–1990. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt>-i smptebars=size=640x480</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the VGA (SD) resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 1–1990. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
           </dl>
           <p class="link"></p>
         </div>
@@ -1466,6 +1502,33 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
   </div>
   <!-- ends Sine wave -->
 
+  <!-- SMPTE bars + Sine wave -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#smpte_bars_and_sine_wave"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Generate a SMPTE bars test video + audio playing a sine wave">SMPTE bars + Sine wave audio</button></span>
+  <div id="smpte_bars_and_sine_wave" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>SMPTE bars + Sine wave audio</h3>
+          <p>Generate a SMPTE bars test video + a 1kHz sine wave as audio testsignal.</p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -f lavfi -i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25 -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=1000:sample_rate=48000" -c:a pcm_s16le -t 10 -c:v ffv1 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
+            <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">libavfilter</a> input virtual device</dd>
+            <dt>-i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the smptebars test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>use libavfilter again, but now for audio</dd>
+            <dt>-i "sine=frequency=1000:sample_rate=48000"</dt><dd>Sets the signal to 1000 Hz, sampling at 48 kHz.</dd>
+            <dt>-c:a pcm_s16le</dt><dd>encodes the audio codec in <code>pcm_s16le</code> (the default encoding for wav files). pcm represents pulse-code modulation format (raw bytes), <code>16</code> means 16 bits per sample, and <code>le</code> means "little endian"</dd>
+            <dt>-t 10</dt><dd>specifies recording time of 10 seconds</dd>
+            <dt>-c:v <i>ffv1</i></dt><dd>Encodes to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFV1">FFV1</a>. Alter this setting to set your desired codec.</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i>.wav</dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends SMPTE bars + Sine wave -->
+
   </div>
   <div class="well">
   <h4>Other</h4>
@@ -1883,7 +1946,34 @@ e.g.: <code>ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i mylist.txt -c copy <i>output_file</i></c
   </div>
   <!-- ends View Format info -->
 
-</div><!-- closes the well -->
+  </div><!-- closes the well -->
+
+  <div class="well">
+  <h4>Repair</h4>
+
+  <!-- Fix A/V async 1 -->
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#avsync_aresample"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Fix A/V sync issues by resampling audio">Fix AV Sync: Resample audio</button></span>
+  <div id="avsync_aresample" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
+      <div class="modal-content">
+        <div class="well">
+          <h3>Fix AV Sync: Resample audio</h3>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v copy -c:a pcm_s16le -af "aresample=async=1000" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
+          <dl>
+            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
+            <dt><i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
+            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>Copy all mapped video streams.</dd>
+            <dt>-c:a pcm_s16le</dt><dd>Tells ffmpeg to encode the audio stream in 16-bit linear PCM (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness#Little-endian">little endian</a>)</dd>
+            <dt>-af "aresample=async=1000"</dt><dd>Stretch/squeezes samples to given timestamps, with maximum of 1000 samples per second compensation <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#aresample-1" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. Try different file extensions such as mkv, mov, mp4, or avi.</dd>
+          </dl>
+          <p class="link"></p>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <!-- ends Fix A/V async 1 -->
+  </div><!-- closes the well -->
 
 
 <!-- sample example -->