HTML cleanup

before new release
Merge pull request #172 from pjotrek-b/text
2025-10-23 14:19:11 +02:00 · 2017-04-14 08:31:40 +02:00 · 2017-04-13 19:11:34 +02:00 · 2017-04-13 16:24:17 +02:00 · 2017-04-13 16:23:09 +02:00 · 2017-04-13 15:42:46 +02:00
4 changed files with 563 additions and 390 deletions
--- a/css/css.css
+++ b/css/css.css
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ img {
  display: block;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  width: 100%;
 }
 .sample-image {
@@ -37,9 +38,6 @@ div {
 .btn {
  margin: 8px;
 }
 .btn {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);
@@ -53,6 +51,7 @@ div {
  -webkit-transition-duration: 0.3s;
  transition-duration: 0.3s;
 }
 .btn:before {
  content: "💫";
  position: absolute;
@@ -67,6 +66,7 @@ div {
  -webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out;
  transition-timing-function: ease-out;
 }
 .btn:hover:before, .btn:focus:before, .btn:active:before {
  -webkit-transform: scale(1.3) translateZ(0);
  transform: scale(1.3) translateZ(0);
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ div {
  font-size: 90%;
  color: #c7254e;
  background-color: #f9f2f4;
-  border-radius: 4px
+  border-radius: 4px;
 }
 .beware {
@@ -88,3 +88,15 @@ div {
 .footnote {
  font-size: 90%;
 }
@media only screen and (min-width: 576px) {
  img {
    max-width: 60%;
  }
 }
@media only screen and (min-width: 992px) {
  img {
    width: 100%;
  }
 }
--- a/img/ivtc_originalvideo.gif
+++ b/img/ivtc_originalvideo.gif
--- a/img/ivtc_result.gif
+++ b/img/ivtc_result.gif
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -3,11 +3,9 @@
  <head>
    <title>ffmprovisr</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
-
+    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat|Merriweather" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
    <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat|Merriweather' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/css.css">
    <script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="js/js.js"></script>
    <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
@@ -32,7 +30,8 @@
  <p>For instructions on how to install FFmpeg on Mac, Linux, and Windows, refer to Reto Kromer’s <a href="https://avpres.net/FFmpeg/#ch1" target="_blank">installation instructions</a>.</p>
  <p>For Bash and command line basics, try the <a href="https://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/appendixa.html" target="_blank">Command Line Crash Course</a>. For a little more context presented in an ffmprovisr style, try <a href="http://explainshell.com/" target="_blank">explainshell.com</a>!</p>
  <h5>License</h5>
-  <p><a target="_blank" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png"></a><br>This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a></p>
+  <p><a target="_blank" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png"></a><br>
    This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
  <h5>Sister projects</h5>
  <p><a target="_blank" href="http://dd388.github.io/crals/">Script Ahoy</a>: Community Resource for Archivists and Librarians Scripting</p>
  <p><a target="_blank" href="https://datapraxis.github.io/sourcecaster/">The Sourcecaster</a>: an app that helps you use the command line to work through common challenges that come up when working with digital primary sources.</p>
@@ -44,58 +43,42 @@
    <h3>What do you want to do?</h3>
    <h6>Select from the following.</h6>
  </div>
  <div class="well"><h4>Change formats</h4>
-  <!-- WAV to MP3 -->
+  <div class="well">
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to MP3">WAV to MP3</button></span>
+  <h4>Change container (rewrap)</h4>
-  <div id="wav_to_mp3" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+
  <!-- MKV to MP4 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mkv_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert Matroska (MKV) to MP4">MKV to MP4</button></span>
  <div id="mkv_to_mp4" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
-          <h3>WAV to MP3</h3>
+          <h3>MKV to MP4</h3>
-          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -write_id3v1 1 -id3v2_version 3 -dither_method modified_e_weighted -out_sample_rate 48k -qscale:a 1 <i>output_file</i>.mp3</code></p>
+          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.mkv -c:v copy -c:a aac <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
-          <p>This will convert your WAV files to MP3s.</p>
+          <p>This will convert your Matroska (MKV) files to MP4 files.</p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
-            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
+            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file<br>
-            <dt>-write_id3v1 <i>1</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v1 tag. This will add metadata to the old MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
+            The extension for the Matroska container is <code>.mkv</code>.</dd>
-            <dt>-id3v2_version <i>3</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v2 tag. This will add metadata to a newer MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
+            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same video codec</dd>
-            <dt>-dither_method <i>modified_e_weighted</i></dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
+            <dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>re-encodes using the AAC audio codec<br>
-            <dt>-out_sample_rate <i>48k</i></dt><dd>Sets the audio sampling frequency to 48 kHz. This can be omitted to use the same sampling frequency as the input.</dd>
+            Note that sadly MP4 cannot contain sound encoded by a PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation) audio codec.<br>
-            <dt>-qscale:a <i>1</i></dt><dd>This sets the encoder to use a constant quality with a variable bitrate of between 190-250kbit/s. If you would prefer to use a constant bitrate, this could be replaced with <code>-b:a 320k</code> to set to the maximum bitrate allowed by the MP3 format. For more detailed discussion on variable vs constant bitrates see <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/MP3" target="_blank">here.</a></dd>
+            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a aac</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
-            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
+            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file<br>
            The extension for the MP4 container is <code>.mp4</code>.</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
-  <!-- ends WAV to MP3 -->
+  <!-- ends MKV to MP4 -->
  </div>
  <!-- ends well -->
  <!-- WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to AAC/MP4">WAV to AAC/MP4</button></span>
  <div id="wav_to_mp4" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
  <div class="well">
-          <h3>WAV to AAC/MP4</h3>
+  <h4>Change codec (transcode)</h4>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -c:a aac -b:a 128k -dither_method modified_e_weighted -ar 44100 <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
          <p>This will convert your WAV file to AAC/MP4.</p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>sets the audio codec to AAC</dd>
            <dt>-b:a 128k</dt><dd>sets the bitrate of the audio to 128k</dd>
            <dt>-dither_method modified_e_weighted</dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
            <dt>-ar 44100</dt><dd>sets the audio sampling frequency to 44100 Hz, or 44.1 kHz, or "CD quality"</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
  <!-- Transcode to ProRes -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#to_prores"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode to deinterlaced Apple ProRes LT">Transcode to ProRes</button></span>
@@ -154,9 +137,12 @@
          <p>In order to use the same basic command to make a higher quality file, you can add some of these presets:</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -preset veryslow -crf 18 -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
-            <dt>-preset <i>veryslow</i></dt><dd>This option tells ffmpeg to use the slowest preset possible for the best compression quality.</dd>
+            <dt>-preset <i>veryslow</i></dt><dd>This option tells ffmpeg to use the slowest preset possible for the best compression quality.<br>
-            <dt>-crf <i>18</i></dt><dd>Specifying a lower CRF will make a larger file with better visual quality. 18 is often considered a “visually lossless” compression.</dd>
+            Available presets, from slowest to fastest, are: <code>veryslow</code>, <code>slower</code>, <code>slow</code>, <code>medium</code>, <code>fast</code>, <code>faster</code>, <code>veryfast</code>, <code>superfast</code>, <code>ultrafast</code>.</dd>
            <dt>-crf <i>18</i></dt><dd>Specifying a lower CRF will make a larger file with better visual quality. For H.264 files being encoded with a 4:2:0 chroma subsampling scheme (i.e., using <code>-pix_fmt yuv420p</code>), the scale ranges between 0-51, with 0 being lossless and 51 the worst possible quality.<br>
              If no crf is specified, <code>libx264</code> will use a default value of 23. 18 is often considered a “visually lossless” compression.</dd>
          </dl>
          <p>For more information, see the <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/H.264" target="_blank">FFmpeg and H.264 Encoding Guide</a> on the ffmpeg wiki.</p>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
@@ -196,105 +182,6 @@
  </div>
  <!-- ends H.264 from DCP -->
  <!-- NTSC to H.264 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#ntsc_to_h264"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Upscaled, pillar-boxed HD H.264 access files from SD NTSC source">NTSC to H.264</button></span>
  <div id="ntsc_to_h264" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Upscaled, Pillar-boxed HD H.264 Access Files from SD NTSC source</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -filter:v "yadif,scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,format=yuv420p" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>Calls the program ffmpeg</dd>
            <dt>-i</dt><dd>for input video file and audio file</dd>
            <dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>encodes video stream with libx264 (h264)</dd>
            <dt>-filter:v</dt><dd>calls an option to apply filtering to the video stream. yadif deinterlaces. scale and pad do the math! resizes the video frame then pads the area around the 4:3 aspect to complete 16:9. flags=lanczos uses the Lanczos scaling algorithm which is slower but better than the default bilinear. Finally, format specifies a pixel format of YUV 4:2:0. The very same scaling filter also downscales a bigger image size into HD.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends NTSC to H.264 -->
  <!-- 4:3 to 16:9 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox">4:3 to 16:9</button></span>
  <div id="SD_HD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox</h3>
          <p>Transform a video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into a video file with 16:9 aspect ration by correct pillarboxing.</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 16:9 by pillarboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends 4:3 to 16:9 -->
  <!-- SD to HD -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD_2"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform SD to HD with pillarbox">SD to HD</button></span>
  <div id="SD_HD_2" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Transform SD into HD with pillarbox</h3>
          <p>Transform a SD video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into an HD video file with 16:9 aspect ratio by correct pillarboxing.</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0"</dt><dd>set colour matrix, video scaling and padding<br>Three filters are applied:
              <ol>
                <li>The luma coefficients are modified from SD video (according to Rec. 601) to HD video (according to Rec. 709) by a colour matrix. Note that today Rec. 709 is often used also for SD and therefore you may cancel this parameter.</li>
                <li>The scaling filter (<code>scale=1440:1080</code>) works for both upscaling and downscaling. We use the Lanczos scaling algorithm (<code>flags=lanczos</code>), which is slower but gives better results than the default bilinear algorithm.</li>
                <li>The padding filter (<code>pad=1920:1080:240:0</code>) completes the transformation from SD to HD.</li>
              </ol></dd>
            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> with <code>-an</code>.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends SD to HD -->
 <!-- 16:9 to 4:3 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#HD_SD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox">16:9 to 4:3</button></span>
  <div id="HD_SD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox</h3>
          <p>Transform a video file with 16:9 aspect ratio into a video file with 4:3 aspect ration by correct letterboxing.</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 4:3 by letterboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends 16:9 to 4:3 -->
  <!-- Transcode to FFV1.mkv -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_FFV1_mkv"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transcode your file with the FFV1 Version 3 Codec in a Matroska container">Create FFV1.mkv</button></span>
  <div id="create_FFV1_mkv" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
@@ -327,55 +214,6 @@
  </div>
  <!-- ends Transcode to FFV1.mkv-->
  <!-- Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video-->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#change_DAR"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding">Change Display Aspect Ratio</button></span>
  <div id="change_DAR" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Change Display Aspect Ratio without reencoding video</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v copy -aspect 4:3 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>Copy all mapped video streams.</dd>
            <dt>-aspect 4:3</dt><dd>Change Display Aspect Ratio to <code>4:3</code>. Experiment with other aspect ratios such as <code>16:9</code>. If used together with <code>-c:v copy</code>, it will affect the aspect ratio stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in encoded frames, if it exists.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video -->
 <!-- MKV to MP4 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#mkv_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert Matroska (MKV) to MP4">MKV to MP4</button></span>
  <div id="mkv_to_mp4" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>MKV to MP4</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.mkv -c:v copy -c:a aac <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
          <p>This will convert your Matroska (MKV) files to MP4 files.</p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file<br>
            The extension for the Matroska container is <code>.mkv</code>.</dd>
            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same video codec</dd>
            <dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>re-encodes using the AAC audio codec<br>
            Note that sadly MP4 cannot contain sound encoded by a PCM (Pulse-Code Modulation) audio codec.<br>
            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a aac</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file<br>
            The extension for the MP4 container is <code>.mp4</code>.</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends MKV to MP4 -->
  <!-- Images to GIF -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#img_to_gif"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Converts images to GIF">Images to GIF</button></span>
  <div id="img_to_gif" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
@@ -384,14 +222,14 @@
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Images to GIF</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 9 -pattern_type glob -i <i>"input_image_*.jpg"</i> -vf scale=250x250 <i>output_file</i>.gif</code></p>
-          <p>This will convert a series of image files into a gif.</p>
+          <p>This will convert a series of image files into a GIF.</p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-f image2</dt><dd>forces input or output file format. <code>image2</code> specifies the image file demuxer.</dd>
            <dt>-framerate 9</dt><dd>sets framerate to 9 frames per second</dd>
            <dt>-pattern_type glob</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg that the following mapping should "interpret like a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glob_%28programming%29" target="_blank">glob</a>" (a "global command" function that relies on the * as a wildcard and finds everything that matches)</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>"input_image_*.jpg"</i></dt><dd>maps all files in the directory that start with input_image_, for example input_image_001.jpg, input_image_002.jpg, input_image_003.jpg... etc.<br>
-            (The quotation marks are necessary for the above "glob" pattern!)</dd>
+            (The quotation marks are necessary for the above “glob” pattern!)</dd>
            <dt>-vf scale=250x250</dt><dd>filter the video to scale it to 250x250; -vf is an alias for -filter:v</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file.gif</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
@@ -473,6 +311,188 @@
  </div>
  <!-- ends Transcode to H.265 -->
  <p>&nbsp;</p>
  <!-- Here comes audio-only transcoding -->
  <!-- WAV to MP3 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp3"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to MP3">WAV to MP3</button></span>
  <div id="wav_to_mp3" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>WAV to MP3</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -write_id3v1 1 -id3v2_version 3 -dither_method modified_e_weighted -out_sample_rate 48k -qscale:a 1 <i>output_file</i>.mp3</code></p>
          <p>This will convert your WAV files to MP3s.</p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-write_id3v1 <i>1</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v1 tag. This will add metadata to the old MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
            <dt>-id3v2_version <i>3</i></dt><dd>Write ID3v2 tag. This will add metadata to a newer MP3 format, assuming you’ve embedded metadata into the WAV file.</dd>
            <dt>-dither_method <i>modified_e_weighted</i></dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
            <dt>-out_sample_rate <i>48k</i></dt><dd>Sets the audio sampling frequency to 48 kHz. This can be omitted to use the same sampling frequency as the input.</dd>
            <dt>-qscale:a <i>1</i></dt><dd>This sets the encoder to use a constant quality with a variable bitrate of between 190-250kbit/s. If you would prefer to use a constant bitrate, this could be replaced with <code>-b:a 320k</code> to set to the maximum bitrate allowed by the MP3 format. For more detailed discussion on variable vs constant bitrates see <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/MP3" target="_blank">here.</a></dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends WAV to MP3 -->
  <!-- WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#wav_to_mp4"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Convert WAV to AAC/MP4">WAV to AAC/MP4</button></span>
  <div id="wav_to_mp4" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>WAV to AAC/MP4</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i>.wav -c:a aac -b:a 128k -dither_method modified_e_weighted -ar 44100 <i>output_file</i>.mp4</code></p>
          <p>This will convert your WAV file to AAC/MP4.</p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-c:a aac</dt><dd>sets the audio codec to AAC</dd>
            <dt>-b:a 128k</dt><dd>sets the bitrate of the audio to 128k</dd>
            <dt>-dither_method modified_e_weighted</dt><dd>Dither makes sure you don’t unnecessarily truncate the dynamic range of your audio.</dd>
            <dt>-ar 44100</dt><dd>sets the audio sampling frequency to 44100 Hz, or 44.1 kHz, or “CD quality”</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path and name of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends WAV to AAC/MP4 -->
  </div>
  <!-- ends well -->
  <div class="well">
  <h4>Change formats</h4>
  <!-- NTSC to H.264 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#ntsc_to_h264"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Upscaled, pillar-boxed HD H.264 access files from SD NTSC source">NTSC to H.264</button></span>
  <div id="ntsc_to_h264" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Upscaled, Pillar-boxed HD H.264 Access Files from SD NTSC source</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -filter:v "yadif,scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,format=yuv420p" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>Calls the program ffmpeg</dd>
            <dt>-i</dt><dd>for input video file and audio file</dd>
            <dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>encodes video stream with libx264 (h264)</dd>
            <dt>-filter:v</dt><dd>calls an option to apply filtering to the video stream. yadif deinterlaces. scale and pad do the math! resizes the video frame then pads the area around the 4:3 aspect to complete 16:9. flags=lanczos uses the Lanczos scaling algorithm which is slower but better than the default bilinear. Finally, format specifies a pixel format of YUV 4:2:0. The very same scaling filter also downscales a bigger image size into HD.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends NTSC to H.264 -->
  <!-- 4:3 to 16:9 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox">4:3 to 16:9</button></span>
  <div id="SD_HD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Transform 4:3 aspect ratio into 16:9 with pillarbox</h3>
          <p>Transform a video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into a video file with 16:9 aspect ration by correct pillarboxing.</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-filter:v "pad=ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 16:9 by pillarboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends 4:3 to 16:9 -->
  <!-- 16:9 to 4:3 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#HD_SD"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox">16:9 to 4:3</button></span>
  <div id="HD_SD" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Transform 16:9 aspect ratio video into 4:3 with letterbox</h3>
          <p>Transform a video file with 16:9 aspect ratio into a video file with 4:3 aspect ration by correct letterboxing.</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-filter:v "pad=iw:iw*3/4:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"</dt><dd>video padding<br>
            This resolution independent formula is actually padding any aspect ratio into 4:3 by letterboxing, because the video filter uses relative values for input width (iw), input height (ih), output width (ow) and output height (oh).</dd>
            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> by <code>-an</code>.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends 16:9 to 4:3 -->
  <!-- SD to HD -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#SD_HD_2"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Transform SD to HD with pillarbox">SD to HD</button></span>
  <div id="SD_HD_2" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Transform SD into HD with pillarbox</h3>
          <p>Transform a SD video file with 4:3 aspect ratio into an HD video file with 16:9 aspect ratio by correct pillarboxing.</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0" -c:a copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-filter:v "colormatrix=bt601:bt709, scale=1440:1080:flags=lanczos, pad=1920:1080:240:0"</dt><dd>set colour matrix, video scaling and padding<br>Three filters are applied:
              <ol>
                <li>The luma coefficients are modified from SD video (according to Rec. 601) to HD video (according to Rec. 709) by a colour matrix. Note that today Rec. 709 is often used also for SD and therefore you may cancel this parameter.</li>
                <li>The scaling filter (<code>scale=1440:1080</code>) works for both upscaling and downscaling. We use the Lanczos scaling algorithm (<code>flags=lanczos</code>), which is slower but gives better results than the default bilinear algorithm.</li>
                <li>The padding filter (<code>pad=1920:1080:240:0</code>) completes the transformation from SD to HD.</li>
              </ol></dd>
            <dt>-c:a copy</dt><dd>re-encodes using the same audio codec<br>
            For silent videos you can replace <code>-c:a copy</code> with <code>-an</code>.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends SD to HD -->
  <!-- Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video-->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#change_DAR"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding">Change Display Aspect Ratio</button></span>
  <div id="change_DAR" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Change Display Aspect Ratio without reencoding video</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v copy -aspect 4:3 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>Copy all mapped video streams.</dd>
            <dt>-aspect 4:3</dt><dd>Change Display Aspect Ratio to <code>4:3</code>. Experiment with other aspect ratios such as <code>16:9</code>. If used together with <code>-c:v copy</code>, it will affect the aspect ratio stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in encoded frames, if it exists.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends Change display aspect ratio without re-encoding video -->
  <!-- Deinterlace video -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#deinterlace"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Deinterlace video">Deinterlace video</button></span>
  <div id="deinterlace" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
@@ -486,13 +506,13 @@
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to encode the video stream as H.264</dd>
-            <dt>-vf</dt><dd>video filtering will be used<dd>
+            <dt>-vf</dt><dd>video filtering will be used (<code>-vf</code> is an alias of <code>-filter:v</code>)</dd>
            <dt><i>"</i></dt><dd>start of filtergraph (see below)</dd>
            <dt><i>yadif</i></dt><dd>deinterlacing filter (‘yet another deinterlacing filter’)<br>
            By default, <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#yadif-1" target="_blank">yadif</a> will output one frame for each frame. Outputting one frame for each <i>field</i> (thereby doubling the frame rate) with <code>yadif=1</code> may produce visually better results.</dd>
            <dt><i>,</i></dt><dd>separates filters</dd>
            <dt><i>format=yuv420p</i></dt><dd>chroma subsampling set to 4:2:0<br>
-              By default, <code>libx264</code> will use a chroma subsampling scheme that is the closest match to that of the input. This can result in Y′C<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub> 4:2:0, 4:2:2, or 4:4:4 chroma subsampling. QuickTime and most other non-FFmpeg based players can’t decode H.264 files that are not 4:2:0, therefore it's advisable to specify 4:2:0 chroma subsampling.</dd>
+            By default, <code>libx264</code> will use a chroma subsampling scheme that is the closest match to that of the input. This can result in Y′C<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub> 4:2:0, 4:2:2, or 4:4:4 chroma subsampling. QuickTime and most other non-FFmpeg based players can’t decode H.264 files that are not 4:2:0, therefore it’s advisable to specify 4:2:0 chroma subsampling.</dd>
            <dt><i>"</i></dt><dd>end of filtergraph</dd>
            <dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
@@ -559,10 +579,10 @@
          <img src="./img/colourspace_metadata_mediainfo.png" alt="MediaInfo screenshots of colourspace metadata"><br>
          <p><span class="beware">⚠</span> Using this command it is possible to add Rec.709 tags to a file that is actually Rec.601 (etc), so apply with caution!</p>
          <p>These commands are relevant for H.264 and H.265 videos, encoded with <code>libx264</code> and <code>libx265</code> respectively.</p>
-          <p><b>Note</b>: If you wish to embed colourspace metadata <i>without</i> changing to another colourspace, omit <code>-vf colormatrix=src:dst</code>. However, since it is <code>libx264</code>/<code>libx265</code> that writes the metadata, it's not possible to add these tags without reencoding the video stream.</p>
+          <p><b>Note</b>: If you wish to embed colourspace metadata <i>without</i> changing to another colourspace, omit <code>-vf colormatrix=src:dst</code>. However, since it is <code>libx264</code>/<code>libx265</code> that writes the metadata, it’s not possible to add these tags without reencoding the video stream.</p>
          <p>For all possible values for <code>-color_primaries</code>, <code>-color_trc</code>, and <code>-colorspace</code>, see the ffmpeg documentation on <a href="./index.html#Codec-Options" target="_blank">codec options</a>.</p>
          <hr>
-          <p id="fn1" class="footnote">1. Out of step with the regular pattern, <code>-color-trc</code> doesn't accept <code>bt470bg</code>; it is instead here referred to directly as gamma.<br>
+          <p id="fn1" class="footnote">1. Out of step with the regular pattern, <code>-color_trc</code> doesn’t accept <code>bt470bg</code>; it is instead here referred to directly as gamma.<br>
          In the Rec.601 standard, 525-line/NTSC and 625-line/PAL video have assumed gammas of 2.2 and 2.8 respectively. <a href="#ref1" title="Jump back.">↩</a></p>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
@@ -571,6 +591,42 @@
  </div>
  <!-- ends Convert colourspace -->
  <!-- Inverse telecine -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#inverse-telecine"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Inverse telecine video">Inverse telecine</button></span>
  <div id="inverse-telecine" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Inverse telecine a video file</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v libx264 -vf "fieldmatch,yadif,decimate" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <p>The inverse telecine procedure reverses the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-two_pull_down">3:2 pull down</a> process, restoring 29.97fps interlaced video to the 24fps frame rate of the original film source.</p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-c:v libx264</dt><dd>encode video as H.264</dd>
            <dt>-vf "fieldmatch,yadif,decimate"</dt><dd>applies these three video filters to the input video.<br>
            <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#fieldmatch">Fieldmatch</a> is a field matching filter for inverse telecine - it reconstructs the progressive frames from a telecined stream.<br>
            <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#yadif-1">Yadif</a> (‘yet another deinterlacing filter’) deinterlaces the video. (Note that ffmpeg also includes several other deinterlacers).<br>
            <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#decimate-1">Decimate</a> deletes duplicated frames.</dd>
            <dt><i>output file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p><code>"fieldmatch,yadif,decimate"</code> is an ffmpeg <a href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/FilteringGuide#FiltergraphChainFilterrelationship" target="_blank">filtergraph</a>. Here the filtergraph is made up of one filter chain, which is itself made up of the three filters (separated by commas).<br>
          The enclosing quote marks are necessary when you use spaces within the filtergraph, e.g. <code>-vf "fieldmatch, yadif, decimate"</code>, and are included above as an example of good practice.</p>
          <p>Note that if applying an inverse telecine procedure to a 29.97i file, the output framerate will actually be 23.976fps.</p>
          <p>This command can also be used to restore other framerates.</p>
          <div class="sample-image">
            <h4>Example</h4>
            <p>Before and after inverse telecine:</p>
            <img src="img/ivtc_originalvideo.gif" alt="GIF of original video">
            <img src="img/ivtc_result.gif" alt="GIF of video after inverse telecine">
          </div>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends Inverse telecine -->
  </div>
  <div class="well">
  <h4>Filters</h4>
@@ -661,10 +717,6 @@
            <dt>fontcolor=white</dt><dd>specifies font color as white</dd>
            <dt>"</dt><dd>quotation mark to close filter command</dd>
          </dl>
            <div class="sample-image">
              <!-- <h4>Example of filter output</h4> -->
              <!-- <img src="" alt="ocr example"> -->
            </div>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
@@ -688,10 +740,6 @@
            <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">Libavfilter input virtual device</a></dd>
            <dt>-i "movie=<i>input_file</i>,ocr"</dt><dd>declares 'movie' as <i>input_file</i> and passes in the 'ocr' command</dd>
          </dl>
            <div class="sample-image">
              <!-- <h4>Example of filter output</h4> -->
              <!-- <img src="" alt="Exports OCR example"> -->
            </div>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
@@ -776,16 +824,24 @@
          <p>The first command will use the palettegen filter to create a custom palette, then the second command will create the GIF with the paletteuse filter. The result is a high quality GIF.</p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
-            <dt>-ss <i>HH:MM:SS</i></dt><dd>starting point of the gif. If a plain numerical value is used it will be interpreted as seconds</dd>
+            <dt>-ss <i>HH:MM:SS</i></dt><dd>starting point of the GIF. If a plain numerical value is used it will be interpreted as seconds</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
-            <dt>-filter_complex "fps=<i>frame rate</i>,scale=<i>width</i>:<i>height</i>,palettegen"</dt><dd>a complex filtergraph using the fps filter to set frame rate, the scale filter to resize, and the palettegen filter to generate the palette. The scale value of <i>-1</i> preserves the aspect ratio</dd>
+            <dt>-filter_complex "fps=<i>frame rate</i>,scale=<i>width</i>:<i>height</i>,palettegen"</dt><dd>a complex filtergraph.<br>
            Firstly, the fps filter sets the frame rate.<br>
            Then the scale filter resizes the image. You can specify both the width and the height, or specify a value for one and use a scale value of <i>-1</i> for the other to preserve the aspect ratio. (For example, <code>500:-1</code> would create a GIF 500 pixels wide and with a height proportional to the original video). In the first script above, <code>:flags=lanczos</code> specifies that the Lanczos rescaling algorithm will be used to resize the image.<br>
            Lastly, the palettegen filter generates the palette.</dd>
            <dt>-t <i>3</i></dt><dd>duration in seconds (here 3; can be specified also with a full timestamp, i.e. here 00:00:03)</dd>
-            <dt>-loop <i>6</i></dt><dd>number of times to loop the gif. A value of <i>-1</i> will disable looping. Omitting <i>-loop</i> will use the default which will loop infinitely</dd>
+            <dt>-loop <i>6</i></dt><dd>number of times to loop the GIF. A value of <i>-1</i> will disable looping. Omitting <i>-loop</i> will use the default which will loop infinitely</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p>The second command has a slightly different filtergraph, which breaks down as follows:</p>
          <dl>
            <dt>-filter_complex "[0:v]fps=10,scale=500:-1:flags=lanczos[v],[v][1:v]paletteuse"</dt><dd><code>[0:v]fps=10,scale=500:-1:flags=lanczos[v]</code>: applies the fps and scale filters described above to the first input file (the video).<br>
            <code>[v][1:v]paletteuse"</code>: applies the <code>paletteuse</code> filter, setting the second input file (the palette) as the reference file.</dd>
          </dl>
          <p>Simpler GIF creation</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -ss HH:MM:SS -i <i>input_file</i> -vf "fps=10,scale=500:-1" -t 3 -loop 6 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
-          <p>This is a quick and easy method. Dithering is more apparent than the above method using the palette* filters, but the file size will be smaller. Perfect for that “legacy” GIF look.</p>
+          <p>This is a quick and easy method. Dithering is more apparent than the above method using the palette filters, but the file size will be smaller. Perfect for that “legacy” GIF look.</p>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
@@ -1101,12 +1157,12 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
  <!-- ends batch processing (Windows) -->
  <!-- Create frame md5s -->
-  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_frame_md5s"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create an MD5 checksum per video frame">Create MD5 checksums</button></span>
+  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_frame_md5s_v"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create an MD5 checksum per video frame">Create MD5 checksums (video frames)</button></span>
-  <div id="create_frame_md5s" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
+  <div id="create_frame_md5s_v" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
-          <h3>Create MD5 checksums</h3>
+          <h3>Create MD5 checksums (video frames)</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -f framemd5 -an <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <p>This will create an MD5 checksum per video frame.</p>
          <dl>
@@ -1124,6 +1180,35 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
  </div>
  <!-- ends Create frame md5s -->
  <!-- Create frame md5s (audio) -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#create_frame_md5s_a"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Create MD5 checksums for audio samples">Create MD5 checksums (audio samples)</button></span>
  <div id="create_frame_md5s_a" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Create MD5 checksums (audio samples)</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -filter_complex "asetnsamples=<i>n=48000</i>" -f framemd5 -vn <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <p>This will create an MD5 checksum for each group of 48000 audio samples.<br> The number of samples per group can be set arbitrarily, but it's good practice to match the samplerate of the media file (so you will get one checksum per second).</p>
          <p>Examples for other samplerates:</p>
          <ul>
            <li>44.1 kHz: "asetnsamples=n=44100"</li>
            <li>96 kHz: "asetnsamples=n=96000"</li>
          </ul>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-f framemd5</dt><dd>library used to calculate the MD5 checksums</dd>
            <dt>-vn</dt><dd>ignores the video stream (video no)</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p>You may verify an MD5 checksum file created this way by using a <a href="check_framemd5.sh" target="_blank">Bash script</a>.</p>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends Create frame md5s (audio) -->
  <!-- Pull specs -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#pull_specs"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Pull specs from video file">Pull specs</button></span>
  <div id="pull_specs" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
@@ -1181,7 +1266,6 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Check video file interlacement patterns</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input file</i> -filter:v idet -f null -</code></p>
          <p></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
@@ -1271,7 +1355,7 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the Libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
-            <dt>-i mandelbrot=size=1280x720:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the mandelbrot test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt>-i mandelbrot=size=1280x720:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the mandelbrot test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
            <dt>-c:v <i>libx264</i></dt><dd>transcodes video from rawvideo to H.264. Set <code>-pix_fmt</code> to <code>yuv420p</code> for greater H.264 compatibility with media players.</dd>
            <dt>-t 10</dt><dd>specifies recording time of 10 seconds</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. Try different file extensions such as mkv, mov, mp4, or avi.</dd>
@@ -1294,7 +1378,7 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the Libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
-            <dt>-i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the smptebars test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt>-i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the smptebars test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
            <dt>-c:v <i>prores</i></dt><dd>transcodes video from rawvideo to Apple ProRes 4:2:2.</dd>
            <dt>-t 10</dt><dd>specifies recording time of 10 seconds</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. Try different file extensions such as mov or avi.</dd>
@@ -1342,7 +1426,7 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
          <dl>
            <dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
-            <dt>-i smptehdbars=size=1920x1080</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the HD resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE RP 219–2002. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt>-i smptehdbars=size=1920x1080</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the HD resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE RP 219–2002. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
@@ -1363,7 +1447,7 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
          <dl>
            <dt>ffplay</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the libavfilter input virtual device <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
-            <dt>-i smptebars=size=640x480</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the VGA (SD) resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 1–1990. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
+            <dt>-i smptebars=size=640x480</dt><dd>asks for the smptehdbars filter pattern as input and sets the VGA (SD) resolution. This generates a colour bars pattern, based on the SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 1–1990. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
@@ -1372,6 +1456,29 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
  </div>
  <!-- ends Play VGA SMPTE bars -->
  <!-- Broken File -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#broken_file"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Make a broken file out of a perfectly good one">Broken file</button></span>
  <div id="broken_file" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Makes a broken test file</h3>
          <p>Modifies an existing, functioning file and intentionally breaks it for testing purposes.</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -bsf noise=1 -c copy <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-i <i>input_file</i></dt><dd>takes in a normal file</dd>
            <dt>-bsf noise=1</dt><dd>sets bitstream filters for all to 'noise'. Filters can be set on specific filters using syntax such as <code>-bsf:v</code> for video, <code>-bsf:a</code> for audio, etc. The <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-bitstream-filters.html#noise">noise filter</a> intentionally damages the contents of packets without damaging the container. This sets the noise level to 1 but it could be left blank or any number above 0.</dd>
            <dt>-c copy</dt><dd>use stream copy mode to re-mux instead of re-encode</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends Broken File -->
  <!-- Sine wave -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#sine_wave"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Generate a test audio file playing a sine wave">Sine wave</button></span>
  <div id="sine_wave" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
@@ -1395,6 +1502,33 @@ foreach ($file in $inputfiles) {
  </div>
  <!-- ends Sine wave -->
  <!-- SMPTE bars + Sine wave -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#smpte_bars_and_sine_wave"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Generate a SMPTE bars test video + audio playing a sine wave">SMPTE bars + Sine wave audio</button></span>
  <div id="smpte_bars_and_sine_wave" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>SMPTE bars + Sine wave audio</h3>
          <p>Generate a SMPTE bars test video + a 1kHz sine wave as audio testsignal.</p>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -f lavfi -i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25 -f lavfi -i "sine=frequency=1000:sample_rate=48000" -c:a pcm_s16le -t 10 -c:v ffv1 <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>tells ffmpeg to use the <a href="http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-devices.html#lavfi" target="_blank">libavfilter</a> input virtual device</dd>
            <dt>-i smptebars=size=720x576:rate=25</dt><dd>asks for the smptebars test filter as input. Adjusting the <code>size</code> and <code>rate</code> options allow you to choose a specific frame size and framerate. <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#allrgb_002c-allyuv_002c-color_002c-haldclutsrc_002c-nullsrc_002c-rgbtestsrc_002c-smptebars_002c-smptehdbars_002c-testsrc_002c-testsrc2_002c-yuvtestsrc" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
            <dt>-f lavfi</dt><dd>use libavfilter again, but now for audio</dd>
            <dt>-i "sine=frequency=1000:sample_rate=48000"</dt><dd>Sets the signal to 1000 Hz, sampling at 48 kHz.</dd>
            <dt>-c:a pcm_s16le</dt><dd>encodes the audio codec in <code>pcm_s16le</code> (the default encoding for wav files). pcm represents pulse-code modulation format (raw bytes), <code>16</code> means 16 bits per sample, and <code>le</code> means "little endian"</dd>
            <dt>-t 10</dt><dd>specifies recording time of 10 seconds</dd>
            <dt>-c:v <i>ffv1</i></dt><dd>Encodes to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFV1">FFV1</a>. Alter this setting to set your desired codec.</dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i>.wav</dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends SMPTE bars + Sine wave -->
  </div>
  <div class="well">
  <h4>Other</h4>
@@ -1814,6 +1948,33 @@ e.g.: <code>ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i mylist.txt -c copy <i>output_file</i></c
  </div><!-- closes the well -->
  <div class="well">
  <h4>Repair</h4>
  <!-- Fix A/V async 1 -->
  <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#avsync_aresample"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Fix A/V sync issues by resampling audio">Fix AV Sync: Resample audio</button></span>
  <div id="avsync_aresample" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="well">
          <h3>Fix AV Sync: Resample audio</h3>
          <p><code>ffmpeg -i <i>input_file</i> -c:v copy -c:a pcm_s16le -af "aresample=async=1000" <i>output_file</i></code></p>
          <dl>
            <dt>ffmpeg</dt><dd>starts the command</dd>
            <dt><i>input_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the input file</dd>
            <dt>-c:v copy</dt><dd>Copy all mapped video streams.</dd>
            <dt>-c:a pcm_s16le</dt><dd>Tells ffmpeg to encode the audio stream in 16-bit linear PCM (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness#Little-endian">little endian</a>)</dd>
            <dt>-af "aresample=async=1000"</dt><dd>Stretch/squeezes samples to given timestamps, with maximum of 1000 samples per second compensation <a href="https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#aresample-1" target="_blank">[more]</a></dd>
            <dt><i>output_file</i></dt><dd>path, name and extension of the output file. Try different file extensions such as mkv, mov, mp4, or avi.</dd>
          </dl>
          <p class="link"></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- ends Fix A/V async 1 -->
  </div><!-- closes the well -->
 <!-- sample example -->
 <!-- <span data-toggle="modal" data-target="#*****unique name*****"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="*****Hover-over description*****">*****Small title****</button></span>
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Reto Kromer	d334d7b4de	HTML cleanup before new release	2017-04-14 08:31:40 +02:00
Reto Kromer	d08cf349f6	Merge pull request #172 from pjotrek-b/text Split "change formats" into separate categories	2017-04-13 19:11:34 +02:00
Peter B	b5b06021b0	Rearranged aspect-ratio conversions to be next to each other.	2017-04-13 16:24:17 +02:00
Peter B	e0ceeb0d73	Split "change formats" into: rewrap,transcode,formats	2017-04-13 16:23:09 +02:00
Reto Kromer	dc47dbc618	Merge pull request #170 from pjotrek-b/avsync Added AV sync repair option (aresample/async)	2017-04-13 15:42:46 +02:00
Reto Kromer	28ae979652	Merge pull request #171 from pjotrek-b/gh-pages Fixed outdated link to ffmpeg filters paragaph.	2017-04-13 15:32:38 +02:00
Peter B	0e2a2c2bfe	Fixed outdated link to ffmpeg filters paragaph.	2017-04-13 15:00:21 +02:00
Peter B	388b107a3f	Added AV sync repair option (aresample/async)	2017-04-13 14:43:35 +02:00
Reto Kromer	117ebf506d	Merge pull request #167 from pjotrek-b/gh-pages Added framemd5 for audio.	2017-04-13 12:33:05 +02:00
Peter B	9356f9af93	Added testvideo with image + sound (SMPTE bars)	2017-04-13 11:10:41 +02:00
Peter B	4d2d5c7c81	Added framemd5 for audio.	2017-04-13 10:35:42 +02:00
Reto Kromer	db202300e4	Merge pull request #166 from kfrn/gh-pages Add more detail to H.264 and GIF commands	2017-03-31 09:40:39 +02:00
kfrn	bf55928a63	Change gif -> GIF; add note about crf scale visis-à-vis chroma subsampling	2017-03-31 20:06:20 +13:00
kfrn	6cea5862d6	Fix typo	2017-03-31 17:20:36 +13:00
kfrn	dca518a9b6	Add more explanation to GIF creation command	2017-03-31 17:15:24 +13:00
kfrn	45828357c9	Add more info to transcode H.264 command	2017-03-31 16:26:08 +13:00
Ashley	10765da46a	Merge pull request #165 from amiaopensource/ab/extend-broken-dv expands dv fuzzing example to work for any file	2017-03-29 17:43:40 -04:00
Ashley Blewer	ab2e6fb789	updates typos in broken test file script	2017-03-29 09:13:05 -04:00
Ashley Blewer	e3e48ded1a	expands dv fuzzing example to work for any file	2017-03-28 20:52:44 -04:00
Reto Kromer	9d58f313d4	Merge pull request #164 from amiaopensource/ab/sample-broken-dv adds way to intentionally break a DV file	2017-03-27 22:29:48 +02:00
Ashley Blewer	1371b380c9	removes or moves dots in dv test	2017-03-27 16:25:46 -04:00
Ashley Blewer	dcb74e8da6	adds way to intentionally break a DV file	2017-03-27 16:00:44 -04:00
Reto Kromer	bd0ac73d78	uniform typography	2017-03-07 15:54:07 +01:00
Ashley	7e7da29093	Merge pull request #162 from amiaopensource/unify typography	2017-03-07 09:31:17 -05:00
Reto Kromer	47acc400ce	Update index.html	2017-03-07 12:49:09 +01:00
Reto Kromer	c117e18c0c	Update index.html	2017-03-07 12:46:39 +01:00
Reto Kromer	0921bd68d5	Update index.html	2017-03-07 12:45:51 +01:00
Reto Kromer	d0e13f3eb6	resolve conflict	2017-03-07 12:42:36 +01:00
Reto Kromer	82a1cfeb8b	Merge pull request #163 from kieranjol/patch-1 colorspace - typo	2017-03-07 10:45:12 +01:00
Kieran O'Leary	472fcfe833	colorspace - typo	2017-03-07 08:43:11 +00:00
Reto Kromer	0907590913	typography - modify `'` --> `’` in text - modify `" … "` --> `“ … ”` in text - modify `http` --> `https` when possible - unify newline after `<br>` - add note `-vf is an alias of -filter:v` in the ffmpeg commands	2017-03-06 15:32:26 +01:00
Ashley	0ed5cfff65	Merge pull request #161 from amiaopensource/css one `.btn`	2017-03-05 12:41:37 -05:00
Reto Kromer	e3deb3af4e	add `;` for coherence	2017-03-05 06:49:49 +01:00
Reto Kromer	5869850d4b	one `.btn` - group into a single `.btn` - add spaces for readability	2017-03-05 06:43:51 +01:00
Reto Kromer	a5a49e1f28	Merge pull request #160 from kfrn/gh-pages Inverse telecine command	2017-03-04 20:40:37 +01:00
kfrn	cdd65fd765	Add example images; media queries	2017-03-05 08:34:16 +13:00
kfrn	c85d6c5874	Add inverse telecine command	2017-03-04 23:25:12 +13:00