applies an audio filter that fades in the first and last 30 video frames. st sets the start and d sets the duration.
+
-c:v video_codec
as a video filter is used, it is not possible to use -c copy. The video must be re-encoded with whatever video codec is chosen, e.g. ffv1, v210 or prores.
+
-c:a audio_codec
as an audio filter is used, it is not possible to use -c copy. The audio must be re-encoded with whatever audio codec is chosen, e.g. aac.