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This filter allows for the vertical and horizontal stacking of multiple video sources into one output.

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This filter is useful for the creation of output windows such as the one utilized in vrecord.

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ffplay -f lavfi -i testsrc -vf "split=3[a][b][c],[a][b][c]xstack=inputs=3:layout=0_0|0_h0|0_h0+h1[out]"

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The following example uses the 'testsrc' virtual input combined with the split filter to generate the multiple inputs. +

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ffplay
starts the command
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-f lavfi -i testsrc
tells ffplay to use the Libavfilter's virtual device input 'testsrc'
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-vf
tells ffmpeg that you will be applying a filter chain to the input
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split=3[a][b][c],
splits the input into three separate signals within the filter graph, named a, b and c respectively. The , separates this from the next part of the filter chain. +
[a][b][c]xstack=inputs=3:
tells ffmpeg that you will be using the xstack filter on the three named inputs a,b and c. The final : is a necessary divider between the number of inputs, and the orientation of outputs portion of the xstack command.
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layout=0_0|0_h0|0_h0+h1
This is where the locations of the video sources in the ouput stack are designated. The locations are specified in order of input (so in this example 0_0 corresponds to input [a]. Inputs must be separated with a |. The two numbers represent columns and rows, with counting starting at zero rather than one. In this example, 0_0 means that input [a] is placed at the first row of the first column in the output. 0_h0 places the next input in the first column, at a row corresponding with the height of the first input. 0_h0+h1 places the final input in the first column, at a row corresponding with the height of the first input plus the height of the second input. This has the effect of creating a vertical stack of the three inputs. This could be made a horizontal stack by changing this portion of the command to layout=0_0|w0_0|w0+w1_0.
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[out]
this ends the filter chain and designates the final output.
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